Class ...^/OtJi
Book,
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COPYRIGHT DETOSrr.
A SYLLABUS
OF
EUROPEAN HISTORY
378-1900
FOURTH EDITION
PART I.— 378-1600
PART II.— 1600-1900
BY
HERBERT DARLING FOSTER
AND
SIDNEY BRADSHAW FAY
PROFESSORS OF HISTORY IN DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
Published by the Department of History ot Dartmoutli College
1912
For Sale by E. P. Storrs, Hanover, N. H.
\0
-^
>1f
Copyright, 1912,
By H. D. Foster and S. B. Fay
All Rights Reserved
©CI.A328216
At /
PREFACE
This syllalnis is not intended in any way as a substitute for a
text-book or note-book. It is merely an outline indicating the
work to be done in each Semester (History 1-2). so divided as to
fall into 45 sections. Each section (§) represents an exercise,
either a lecture or a recitation as indicated. The asterisk (*) in-
dicates required work in every case. The references for reading
are. not exhaustive: for a bibliograpny of the more detailed works,
especially those in French and German, reference should be made
to Gross, Sources and Literature of English History from the
Earliest Times to about 14S3; to Monod, Bibliogra['hie de I'His-
toire de France; and to Dahlmann-Waitz, Quellenkunde der
Deutschen Geschiclitc. (7th ed. 1906.)
On methods of teaching and studying history the following will
be found useful :
Bourne, H. E., The Teaching of History and Civics in the Ele-
mentary and Secondary Schools. New York. 1902.
Langlois, C. V., and Seignobos, Charles, Introduction to the
Study of History. New York, 1898.
The report of the Committee of Seven of the American His-
torical Association on The Study of History in Schools, in the
annual report of the Association for 1898. Reprinted separately.
Macmillan. New York, 1899.
The report of the Committee of Five of the American Histori-
cal Association on The Study of History in Secondary Schools.
New York, 1911.
Two excellent lirief discussions of the use of sources may be
found in
Robinson, J. H., Readings in European History I, ch. i ; and in
Historical Sources in Schools (prepared by a special commit-
tee of the New England History Teachers' Association). New
York, 1902.
In the hope that students will be interested to buy some books
in addition to the text-books, and thus form for themselves the
nucleus of an historical library, there is added a Select Bibliography
of those books to which reading references will be most fre-
qucntly given. Of these the most useful for Part I are: Einhard,
Charlcnuujnc ; Robinson, Readiiujs in European History, I ; Ploetz,
Epitome; Emerton, Introduction to the Study of the Middle -i^/f^;
Seignobos, Feudal Reyinic; Pennsylvania Ihiii'ersity Translations
and Reprints, Vol. VI. No. 3, "The Early Germans.'' These six
books would cost between $6 and $7.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EUROPEAN HISTORY
Part 1.-378-1600
SOURCES
Calvin, John, The Institutes of the Christian Religion. 2 vols.
New York, n. d. [Scribncr, $5.00.]
Einhard, Life of Charlemagne. New York, 18S0. [The American
I'ook Co., 30 cents.]
Froissart, Chronicles (Selected Passages edited with Introduction
by Alarzials). London, 1894. [Walter Scott, Is. 6d.]
Henderson, Ernest F., Select Historical Documents of the Middle
Ages. London, 1896. [The Macmillan Co., $1.50.]
Robinson, James Harvey, Readings in European History, Vol. I.
Boston, 1904. [Ginn, $1.50.]
Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European
History. Published by the Department of History of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, 6 volumes, Philadelphia, 1894-99, new
series, vols. I-IV; also by Longmans, Green & Co., New York.
[Single numbers sold separately, 15 to 25 cents.]
MODERN WORKS
Adams, George Burton, Civilization During the Middle Ages.
New York, 1894. [Scribncr, $2.50.]
Adams, George Burton, Groivth of the Trench Nation. New
York, 1897. [The Macmillan Co., $1.25.]
Archer, T. A., and Kingsford, C. L., The Crusades. New York,
1895. (Story of Nations Series.) [Putnam, $1.50.]
Bryce, James, The Holy Roman Empire. Enlarged and rev. ed.,
London and New York, 1904. [The Macmillan Co., $1.50.]
Cheyney, Edward P., An Introduction to the Industrial and Social
History of England. New York, 1901. [The Macmillan Co.,
$1.40.]
6
Creighton, Mandell, A History af the Papacy from tlic Great
Schism to the Sack of Rome. 6 vols. New York, 1897.
I Lontiinans, Green, each vol. $2.()0.]
Emerton, Ephraim, Introduction to the Study of the Middle Ages.
Boston, 1892. [Ginn, $1.12.]
Emerton, Ephraim, Mediaeval Europe. Boston, 1894. [Ginn,
$1.5(1.]
Gibbon, Edward, History of tlie Decline and Fall of the Roman
Rinpire. 7 vols. ( cd. Bury.) New York, 1897. [The Mac-
niillan Co., each vol. $2.00. ]
Green, John Richard, Sliort History of the f.nglish People. New
Ynvk. 1875. [The American T'.ook Co., $1.20.J
Henderson, Ernest F., ./ Short History of Germany. 2 vols, in
one. New \ork, 1906. [The Macmillan Co., $2.50.]
Jessopp, Augustus, The Coming of the Priars and other Historic
Ilssays. London, 1901. [T. Fisher Unwin, 3s. 6d. ; or Putnam,
$1.25". 1
Kingsley, Charles, The Roman and the Teuton. London and
New York, 1891. [The Macnidlan Co., $1.25.]
Kitchin, G. W., History of Prance. Vols. l-II, B. C. 58- A. D. 1624
(4th ed. ). Oxford, 1889. [Clarendon Press, each vol. $2.60.]
Lavisse, Ernest, et Rambaud, Alfred, Histoire Generate du ll'c
Siecle a Nos Jours. Vols. 1-5, Paris, 1896-1901. [Colin ct Cic.,
12 fr. each.]
Lindsay, Thomas M., ,1 History of the Reformation ; vol. 1, The
Refonnatiou in Germany ; vol. 11, The Reformatit)n in the
Lands P>eyond Germany. New ^"ork, 1907. [Scribners, $5.00.]
McGiffert, A. C, APirtin Luther, The Man and His Work. New
York, 1911. [Century Co., $3.00.]
Munro, D. C, and Sellery, G. C, Medieval CiviTizatiou. New
York, enlarged edition, 1907. [The Century Co., .$2.(;H).]
Ploetz, Carl, P^pitome of Ancient, Mediaci'iil . and .]p>ilern History.
Boston, new revised ed., 1905. [Hou-htou, Mifflin, $3.00.]
*Robinson, James Harvey, Pitroduclion to the History of JJ'est-
ern Pnropc. Boston, 1903. [Guni, $1.6(1.]
Sabatier, Paul, Life of St. Prancis of .Issisi. New York, 1894.
[Scrilmer, $2.50.]
*Seebohm, Frederic, Era of the I'roleslant Re-7-oh!tion. New Im-
pression, New York, 1911. (Rjxichs of .Modern History.)
[Loni.;sman, Green &• Co.. $1.00. |
Seignobos, Charles, Phe Peudal Regune. New York, 1902.
[Holt, 50 cents.]
*Shepherd, W. R., Historical Atlas. New York, 1911. [Holt. $2.50.]
Symonds, J. A., A Short History of the Renaissance in Haly
(an aliriflgmcnt of his larger work). New York. 1894. [Holt.
$1.75.]
Walker, Williston, John Calinu, the Oryaniccr of Reformed Prot-
estantism. New York, 19(16. [Putnam, $1.50.]
^Required text-books.
OUTLINE
§ 1. Lecture. Introdnction.
A. TRANSITION PERIOD 378 A. D.-800 A. D.
Chapter I. The Romans
S 2. Lecture, The Roman Empire in the 3(1 and 4th centuries.
§ 3. Recitation.
Chapter II. The Germans
§ 4. Recitation. The Earl.v Germans before the Migrations.
( 1st reading)
§ 5. Lecture. The Migrations of the Peoples.
§ 6. Recitation.
S 7. Recitation. Germanic Ideas of Law. (2d reading)
Chapter III. Christianity and the Church
!:; 8. Recitation. The Rise of the Christian Church to 6fl0 A. D.
§ 9. Recitation. Monasticism, Its Services and Dangers. (3d
reading)
§ 10. Written Hour Examination.
Cpiapter IV. The Mohammedans
S H. Lecture. Mohammed, 571-632, and the A'loslcm World.
(4th reading)
§ 12. Recitation. (4th reading completed)
Chapter V. The Rise oe the Prankish Kingdom, 486-800
§ 13. Recitation. The Rise of the Prankish Kingdom from CIo-
vis to Charlemagne. (5th reading)
B. THE MIDDLE AGES FROM CHARLEMAGNE TO
DANTE, 800-1300
Chapter VI. The Empire in the Ninth and Tenth
Centuries
§ 14. Recitation. The Empire of Charlemagne. (5th reading
completed)
§ 15. Recitation. The Break-up of Charlemagne's Empire and
the Refonnding of the Empire by Otto I.
Chapter VII. Feudallsm
§ 16. Lecture. The Life of the Feudal Nobility.
§ 17. Recitation. Feudalism. (6th reading)
Chapter VIII. The Empire and the Papacy in the Middle
Ages, 8(M)-13(W
§ 18. Lecture. Germany and Italy : the Investiture Struggle.
§ 19. Recitation. (7th reading)
§ 20. Recitation. The Ilohenstaufen Emperors and the Popes.
(Alternate 7th reading)
Chapter IX. France and England in the Middle Ages,
800-1300
§ 21. Recitation. The Development of France from Charlemagne
to Philip the Fair. (8th reading)
§ 22. Recitation. England in the Middle Ages. (Alternate 8th
reading)
§ 23. Written Hour Examination.
Chapter X. The Crusades
§ 24. Lecture. The Crusades, 1095-1270.
§ 25. Recitation. (9th reading)
Chapter XI. Mediaeval Life
vj 26. Recitation. The Mediaeval Church. (10th reading)
§ 27. Recitation. The Culture of the Middle Ages. (Alternate
10th reading)
§ 28. Lecture. The Life of the Country People.
§ 29. Recitation. Life of the People in the Towns. (11th read-
ing)
10
C. THE PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE AND THE
REFORMATION FROM ABOUT 1300 TO ABOUT 1600
Chapter XII. The Formation of Modern Nations and the
Conditions in Europe Preceding the Reformation
§ 30. Recitation. England and I">ance ; The Hundred Years'
War.
§ 31. Recitation. The Popes and the Reforming Councils. (12th
reading)
S 32. Lecture. The Italian Towns and the lieginnings of the
Renaissance.
S 33. Recitation. ( 13th reading)
§ 34. Recitation. Italy at the Close of the 15th Century.
§ 35. Recitation. The Spanish and French Monarchies at the
0))ening of the lC)th Century.
>^ 36. Recitation. England and the Oxforfl Reformers.
S 37. Lecture. Germany on the Eve of the Reformation, 1493-
1519.
Chapter XIII. The Protestant Revolution in Germany in the
16th Century
S 38. Lecture. Martin Luther (1483-1546) and the Beginning of
the Reformation in Germany to 1521.
S 39. Rt-citation. (14th reading)
S 40. Lecture. The German Reformation from the Diet of
Worms to the Peace of .'\ugshurg, 1521-1555.
S 41. Recitation. (15th reading)
Chapter XI \'. The Reformation in Switzerland^ Geneva^ and
France in the 16th Century
55 42. Lecture. Zwingli (1484-1531) and the Reformation in
Switzerland. ( 16th reading)
S 43. Lecture. John Calvin (1509-1564) and the Genevan Refor-
mation. ( 17th reading)
§ 44. Recitation.
§ 45. Recitation. The Reformation in France. (18th reading)
SYLLABUS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY
Part L— 378-1600
§ 1. Introduction. (Lecture)
a. Aims and methods of the course.
b. Periods of History.
c. Geography of Europe :
coast line; mountain systems; rivers; climate; influence
of geography on history.
d. Peoples of Europe.
*Robinson, An Introduction to the History of Western Eiirof^e.
ch. i, "The Historical Point of View"; *Shepherd, Historical At-
las, 2-3.
A. TRANSITION PERIOD 378 A. D.-800 A. D.
Ch. I. The Romans
§ 2. The Roman Empire in the 3d and 4th centuries. (Lecture)
a. The three elements of medic-eval civilization.
b. Geographical extent of the Empire.
c. Roman government :
powers of the Emperor ; the central administration ; ad-
ministration of the provinces and mimicipalities ; services
of the Empire.
d. Classes of society.
e. Causes of Roman decay: political, social, economic, re-
ligious.
*Robinson, An Introduction to the History of Western niirope.
ch. ii. *Shephcrd, Historical Atlas. 42-43. Optional reading in any
one of the following references.
*NoTE — Each section (§) represents an exercise, either a lecture
or recitation as indicated. The asterisk (*) indicates required
work, which may be tested by written quiz at any lecture. The
atlas should be used regularly in preparation, and, when it is
marked with an asterisk, should be brought to all recitations.
12
References
Sources. — Pciinsylvania Reprints, VI, no. 4, "Register of Digni-
taries," Notitia Dignitatuin. Robinson, Readings, I, 28-33.
Modern Works. — Bury, History of the later Roman Empire. I,
in chs. i-iv. Adams. Civilisation During the Middle Ages, ch. ii,
also 76-88. Kingsley, Roman and Teuton, ch. ii, "The Dying Em-
pire." Seeley, Roman I mperialism. ch. ii, "Proximate Cause of the
Fall of the Roman Empire" : ch. iii, "The Later Empire." Jones,
Roman Empire, ch. x, "Diocletian and Constantine." Davis, Out-
line History of the Roman Empire, chs. i and iv, and 142-150.
Cunningham, Western Civilisation in its Economic Aspects (An-
cient Times), 179-195. Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders. II, ch. ix.
iNlcCahc, St. Augustine. Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Ro-
man Empire (best edition in seven volumes by Rury), ch. i (Em-
pire in 2d century), or ch. xvii (Empire under Constantine), or
ch. xliv (Development of Ivoman Law). Dill, Roman Society in
the Last Century of the Western Empire, Bk. Ill, chs. i, ii. liryce.
Holy Roman Empire, ch. ii. Munro and Sellery, Medie-val Ci^'ili-
zation, 18-43. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoirc Generate, I, 14-31.
§ 3. Recitation on * SS 1, 2; *Shepherd, 2-3, 44-43; and *outline
map showing:
( 1 ) boundary of the Roman Empire in 395 A. D.
(2) names of tivc mountain systems; and of fifteen rivers,
with one important city, ancient or modern, on each.
See Shepherd, 2-3, 42-43, 166-167 (for modern cities).
Optional reading on the Romans in any of the references under
§2.
Ch. TI. The Germans
§ 4. The Early Germans before the Migrations. (Recitation)
a. Government.
/'. Military organization; personal following (comitates).
c. Religion and mythology.
d. Morals and family life.
e. Manners and customs : amusements, weddings, funerals, etc.
/. Economic life.
.13
*SouRCES. — *Caesar, Gallic War, Bk. VI, chs. xxi-xxiv ; *Tacitus.
Germany, chs. i-xxvii, both printed in Penii. Translations and Re-
prints. VI. no. 3, "The Early Germans."
On this and all readings outside the required text-books the
student is expected to keep in his note-book such notes as will
prove useful to him in reviewing his work for recitations, con-
ferences, and examinations.
In this exercise the student will hnd it advantageous to arrange
his notes according to the six headings above.
Optional reading on the Germans in any of the following refer-
ences.
References
Modern Works. — Gibbon, Decline and fall of the Roman Em-
pire, I, ch. ix. Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, II, 233-263; III,
257-318. Hodgkin, Theodoric. Kingsley, Roman and Teuton, Lec-
tures i and x. Gummere, Germanic Origins, ch. iii, "Men and
Women"; iv, "The Home"; v, "Husband and Wife"; vi, "The
Family" ; ix, "Social Order" ; xiii, "Worship of Nature." Hender-
son, History of Germany in the Middle Ages, chs. i, ii. Hender-
son, Short History of Germany, ch. i. Lewis, History of Germany,
1-36. Milman, History of Latin Christianity. Bury, Later Roman
Empire, Bk. II, chs. vii, xi. Stubbs, Constitutional History of
England, ch. ii. Stubbs, Select Charters (Introduction). Lavisse
et Rambaud, Histoire Generate, I, 1-58. Parmentier, Album His-
torique, I, 29-33.
§ 5. The Migrations of the Peoples. (Lecture)
a. Visigoths, 378 (Adrianople).
b. Huns, 451 (Chalons).
c. Vandals, 455 (Sack of Rome).
d. End of the Roman Empire in the West, 476.
e. The Roman Empire in the East ; Justinian, 527-565 ; Con-
stantinople (see Shepherd, 93) ; codification of the Ro-
man Law.
/'. Ostrogoths in Italy under Theodoric, 493-526.
g. Lombards, 568 (invasion of Italy).
/;. Franks, 486 (Soissons).
i. Efifects of Rome upon the Germans, and of the Germans
upon the Roman Empire.
*Robinson. 25-43 ; optional reading on one of the following top-
ics.
14
Topics for reading
(1) The Migration of the Visigoths.
Emerton, Introduction, ch. iii.
(2) Thcodoric, the Ostrogoth, as a civilizer.
Kingsley, Roman and Teuton, 102-120.
(3) Founding of Constantinople.
Gibbon, Decline and Fall, ch. xvii ( tirst part).
(4) Codification of the Roman Law.
Gibbon, Decline and Fall, in ch. xliv (middle of chapter:
Bury ed. IV, 461-47U).
(5) Effects of the Germans upon the Roman Empire.
Adams, Civili::atio>i during the Middle Ages, ch. v, "What
the Germans added."
§ 6. Recitation on * § 5; *Shepherd, 45, 52; and *outline map
showing the routes of migration and final places of set-
tlement of four of the German peoples and the route of
the Huns
Optional reading on one of the topics under § 5.
§ 7. Germanic Ideas of Law. (Recitation)
a. Comparison between early Germanic and modern ideas of
law.
b. Feuds.
c. Compurgation.
d. Ordeals.
e. Wager of battle.
/. ly erg eld.
g. Influence of Church and Roman Law upon Germanic Law ;
codes of German law.
*Read at least one of the following references: arrange the
notes on reading, so far as possible, according to the headings
above. The most useful general account is Emerton. Introduction
to the Middle Ages. ch. viii, "Germanic Ideas of Law."
15
References
Sources. — Henderson, Documents, 176-189 (Salic Law), 314-319
formulas at ordeals).
Modern Works. — Emerton, Introduction, ch. viii. Kingslcy.
Roman and Teuton, ch. x, "Lombard Laws." Gumnicre, Ger-
manic Origins, ch. x, "Government and Law." Gibbon, Decline
and fall, in ch. xxxviii (Bury ed. IV, 121-144). Milman, Latin
Christianity, I, 514-543. Pollock and Maitland, History of English
Law, I, 14-37.
Ch. III. Christi.\nitv .\n'd the Church
§ 8. The Rise of the Christian Church to 600 A. D.
(Recitation)
a. Christianiy and paganism, — the tendency to merge, the con-
trast.
b. Officers of the early church; organization of the church be-
fore Constantine.
c. Relation between the church and the Roman Empire.
d. The rise of the Papacy.
e. Gregory I, the Great, and his work as pope.
/. Extent of Christianity about 6()0 A. D. (Shepherd, 46-47.)
*Robinson, History of Western Europe, ch. iv, and review of
18-22; *Shepherd, 46-47. Optional reading, Emerton, Litroduction
to the Middle Ages, ch. ix, or any of the following references.
A reading is required under § 9.
References
Sources. — New Testament: Matt, xvi, 16-20; Acts vi, 1-6;
1 Timothy iii. Robinson, Readings, I, 62-82.
Modern Works. — Useful general account in Emerton, Intro-
duction to the Middle Ages, ch. ix, "Rise of the Christian Church."
Gibbon, Decline and Fall, ch. xxxvii. Fisher, History of the Chris-
tian Church. Period 1, ch. ii (especially 35-37), Period II, ch. ii,
"Government and Discipline in the Church." Alzog, Universal
Church History. I, 389-413, "The Constitution of the Catholic
Church." an account by a Catholic scholar. Adams, Civilization
during the Middle Ages, ch. vi. Milman, History of Latin Chris-
tianity, I, Bk. I, ch. ii; II, Bk. Ill, ch. vii. Moeller, History of
16
the Christian Church, I, 49-72. Sohm, Outlines of Church History,
31-66. Dill, Koinaii Society, ch. i. Hatch, Orgamzulion of the Early
Christian Churches, any lecture, e. <j., Lecture 11, "Bishops and
Deacons." Hodgkin, Italy and Her hivaders, V, 287-332, on Greg-
ory the Great. Lavisse et Raniljaud, Histoire Gencrale, 1. 204-220,
237-244.
§ 9. Monasticism, Its Services and Dangers. (Recitation)
*Robinson, ch. v (Emerton, Introduction to Muidle Ayes, ch. xi,
is the most useful general account to supplement Robinson) ;
*Shepherd, Atlas. 101, Ground plan of a Monastery; *reading on
one of the following topics.
Toffies for reading
( 1 ) Why men went into monasteries.
Compare Montalembert, The Monks of the IVest. 1, 226-
228. and Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Einf^ire.
ch. xxxvii (first half) with St. Jerome's plea for mo-
nastic life (A. D. 373) and Professor William James'
view of ascetism (in his Varieties of Religious Expe-
rience, 1902, pp. 296 and following), botli the latter in
Robinson, Readings, I, 86-89.
(2) St. Benedict and the Benedictine Rule.
Cambridge Medieval History, I, 535-542.
The Rule is in Henderson. Historical Documents of the
Middle Ages, 274-314; and in Thatcher and McNeal,
Source Book for Mcdiccval History, 432-484.
On St. Benedict see: Hodgkin. Italy and Her Hivaders.
IV, ch. xvi; Montalembert, Monks of the West, I, Bk.
IV. Milman, History of the Latin Christiaiiify, Bk. III.
ch. vi.
(3) Daily life in a mediaeval monastery.
The Benedictine Rule, see references above in (2). Jes-
sopp. The Coming of the Friars and other Historic Es-
says, ch. iii, "Daily Life in a Mediaeval Monastery.'"
Jessopp, Studies by a Recluse, ch. ii, "Bury St. Ed-
munds." Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present. "The An-
cient Monk" (at least one chapter) ; the narrative of
the same abbott is given in Jocclin de Brakelond, Chron-
icle: a picture of mo)iastic life in the days of Abbo'tt
17
Samson. Gasquet, English Monastic Life, cli. ii, "The
Material Parts of a Monastery," or chs. vi-vii. "The
Daily Life in a Monastery" (iUustrated). A ground
plan together with a conjectural restoration of a monas-
tery is given in Barnard, Companion to English His-
tory, 24-25.
(4) The services of monks and the dangers of monasticism.
Emerton, Introduction, ch. xi. Kingsley, Roman and Teu-
ton, ch. ix, "The Monk a Civilizer." Schaff, "Rise and
Progress of Monasticism," Bibliotheca Sacra, XXI, 399-
415; same in Schaff, History of the Christian Church,
II, 163-179. "The Life of St. Columban" by the Monk
Jonas, Peini. Reprints. II, no. 7. Material on this topic
may also be gained from most of the references in
topics (1) and (2).
§ 10. Written Hour Examination on * §S 1-9 (including lec-
tures, text-book, map work, reading, notes, and recita-
tions).
Ch. IV. The Mohammedans
§ 11. Mohammed, 571-632, and the Moslem World. (Lecture)
0. Arabia and its people.
b. Mohammed's early life and missionary efforts: Hegira,
622; extent of his power in 632.
c. The Koran: the teachings of Mohammed; comparison of
Koran with the New Testament.
d. Mohammedan conquests, 632-732; the Caliphates; reasons
for the spread of Mohammedanism.
*Robinson, 67-72, and *reading begun on one of the following
topics.
The *reading on one of the following topics required under § 12
covers the work of two exercises. In this and similar cases, a
reading which covers the work of two exercises should be be-
gun, if possible, for the first exercise.
18
Topics for rciidiinj
(1) Mohammed.
Gibbon, Decline and Pall, in ch. 1 (Bury ed., V, 333-3S1).
Encycld/Hcdia Britannica, article un "Mahomet." Ameer
Ali, Life and Teachings of Mohaniined, chs. ii-iv
(by a rationalistic Mohammedan). Muir, Life of Ma-
homct, 11, 1-59. Carlyle, Heroes and hlero IVoi'ship.
Lecture II.
(2) The Mohammedan Religion.
Ameer Ali, Life and Teachiiujs of Mohainined, chs. xi,
xii. Lane-Poole, Speeches and Table-Talk of the
Prophet Mohaniinad, Introduction (pp. xviii-lv) and Se-
lections ie. <j.. 3-4, 12, 161-163, 180-182. Muir, The Co-
ran, chs. i-iii. Sale's translation of the Koran, or Rod-
well's translation of the Koran, chs. x, xvii, Ivi, Ivii,
Ixxviii, xc, xcii, ci, civ, cvii. Odysseus. Turkey in Eu-
rope, ch. V.
(3) The Spread of Mohammedanism.
Gibbon, Decline and Pall, ch. li. Gilman, Story of the
Saracens, chs. xxiii-xxviii. Lane-Poole, Story oj the
Moors in Spain, chs. i-iii. Freeman, History and Con-
quests of tlic Saracens, Lectures IV and V.
(4) Mohammedan Civilization.
Munro, History of the Middle ^^i(jes, ch. ix, and Sheldon,
Studies in General History, 276-284. Parmentier, Al-
btitn Historique, L 49-66.
(5) General Accounts of Mohammedanism.
Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generale, I. 427-460. Schaff,
History of the Christian Church, IV, 150-201. Milman,
History of Latin Christianity, Bk. IV, chs. i-ii.
§ 12. Recitation on *§11, including *reading on one of the
topics in v^ 11, and *Shepherd, 53, upper map.
Ch. V. The Rise of the Fr.xnkish Kingdom, 486-8(X)
§ 13. The Rise of the Prankish Kingdom from Clovis to
Charlemagne. (Recitation)
a. Clovis, 481-511, — character, conquests, conversion, and rela-
tion to Church and Christianity ; extent of his territories :
successors of Clovis; rise of the Major Doinus.
19
b. Charles Martel. 714-741 ; Battle of Tours, 732.
c. Pippin the Short. 741-768:
relations with the Lombards and the pope ; Donation of
Pippin; significance of his reign.
d. Charles the Great (Charlemagne), 768-814:
wars of conquest; extent of territory in 814.
*Robinson, 72-82, and 34-39 in review; *Einhard, Life of Char-
lemagne, 9-47; *Shepherd, 53 (lower map), 54-55.
B. THE MIDDLE AGES FROM CHARLEMAGNE TO
DANTE, 800-1300
Ch. VL The Emimke in thk Ninth and Tknth Centuries
§ 14. The Empire of Charlemagne. (Recitation)
a. Revival of the Empire of the West ; Charles" coronation,
800; its significance.
b. System of government.
c. Art and learning; the Palace School.
d. Charlemagne's personality.
*Robinson, 82-91 ; *Einhard, 47-82 ; *map-quiz on Charlemagne's
conquests and the boundary of liis Empire; *Shepherd, S3 (lower
map).
Attention is called to the fact that selection of subject iov Spe-
cial Report is to be made at next exercise.
References
Sources. — Henderson, Historical Documeiifs, 189-201. Pciiii. Re-
prints, VI, no. 5, "The Laws of Charles the Great." Robinson,
Readings, I, 135-146.
Modern Works. — Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, chs. iv-v. Guizot.
Popular History of France, I, chs. x-xi. Milman, Latin Christian-
ity, Bk. IV, ch. xii, or Bk. V, ch. i. Adams, Civilisation during the
Middle Ages, ch. vii. Oman, Dark Ages, chs. xx-xxii. Hodgkin,
Charles the Great, ch. xi. Davis, Charlemagne. Henderson, Short
History of Germany. I, 22-38. Mombert, Charles the Great, Bk.
Ill, ch. v. Mullinger, Schools of Charles the Great. West, Alcuin.
Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generate. I, 322-334, 342-359. Par-
mentier. Album Historique, I, 85-98.
20
§ 15. The Break-up of Charlemagne's Empire and the Re-
founding of the Empire by Otto I. (Recitation)
a. The weaknesses of Cliarlemagne's Empire and the beKin-
ning of fiefs.
b. The division of the Empire and the beginning of Germany,
Italy, and Franee ; the Strasburg oaths; treaties of Ver-
dun, 843, and Mersen. 870; Lorraine, Kingdom of Bur-
gundy, and the four German "stem duehies."
c. The refounding of the Empire by Otto I, the Great, 962:
the problems of Otto and the later Emperors,— dukes, in-
vasions (Leehfeld, 955), Italy, papacy; the refounding of
the Empire, 962; comparison of the territory in the em-
pires of Charlemagne and Otto.
*Robinson, ch. viii, and 148-153; *uutline map, showing the
boundaries of: (1) the empire under Otto I; (2) the four stem
duehies (Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria); (3) Lorraine:
(4) the Kingdom of Burgundy (added to the empire, 1032) ; (5)
Bohemia; *Shepherd, 58-59 (empire. Burgundy); 62-63 (stem
duchies, Lorraine, Burgundy, Bohemia).
*Selection of subject for Special Report. Before coming to the
recitation each student should consult the list of subjects for Spe-
cial Report and select several in order of preference, in order that
selection may be made at recitation.
Directions for Special Report IVnrk
Each student is to write a special report on a subject chosen by
him from the list furnished. This special report will be handed in
in three parts: (1) the bibliography; (2) the notes and outline;
(3) the complete special report accompanied by bibliography and
by notes and outline.
(1) The bibliography (i. c list of authorities).
In preparing the bibliography, students will find it convenient to
consult: the brief lists in this Syllabus; Robinson. Readings in
European History; Bourne. Tcachiiuj of History and Civics; C. K.
Adams, Mannal of Historical Literatnre; Eiicyclopccdia Britannica.
references under each article; Cambridge Medieval History; Cam-
bridge Modern History (bibliographies at end of each volume) ; La-
visse et Rambaud, Histoire Generate (there is an excellent bibli-
21
ography at the end of each chapter) ; Poole, Index of Periodical
Literature; the Card Catalogue in the Library; and the printed
catalogues of large libraries, e. g., the British Museum. For very
full lists of historical works, reference may also be made to Gross,
Sources and Literature of English History from the Earliest
Times to about 1483; Monod, Bibliographie de I'Histoire de
France; Molinier, Sources de I'histoire de France; and Dahlmann-
Waitz, Quellenkunde der Deutschen Geschichte (7th ed. 1906).
Critical estimates of recent historical books may often be found
in the American Historical Review (index to vols. 1-10) and in
the English Historical Kcvietv (index to vols. 1-20).
Before preparing the bibliography, look over carefully the Se-
lect Bibliography pp. 5-7, and follow this as a model. (The pub-
lisher and price need not be given.) Classify your authorities
under Sources and Modern Works. For each authority, give au-
thor, exact title, place and date of publication, and exact references
(by chapter or volume and page) to the part bearing on your
subject. Bibliographies are due from Sections 1 and 2 at exercise
17, and from other Sections at successive exercises on dates as
bulletined. When returned by the instructor, they should be care-
fully kept and handed in (with any corrections) with the notes,
and again with the complete report.
(2) Notes and outline.
The notes should contain exact references (by chapter or volume
and page) to authorities. Notes should be taken and arranged in
some orderly fashion convenient for the student's later use. Notes
taken on only one side of the sheet or card generally prove more
convenient in arranging the material and writing the report. The
notes should be carefully preserved as they are to be handed in
with an outline of the report (about six exercises after the bibli-
ography), and again with the complete report.
(3) The complete special report.
This is to be accompanied by the bibliography, notes, and out-
line. The report must contain in its margin exact references to
authorities, by author, title, volume and page (or chapter). The
subject should be adequately treated, but no length is prescribed.
The complete report will be due about six exercises after the
handing in of the notes and outline.
22
Ch. VIT. Feudalism
§ 16. Life of the Feudal Nobility. (Lecture)
a. Growth of power of local rulers after the break-up of
Charlemagne's Empire.
b. Classes of society and their characteristics : clergy, nobility,
people in country and town.
(-. Chivalry and knighthood.
(/. Castles and castle life.
c. I'"cudal warfare ; arms and armor.
*Rol>ins(in, 99-119. A reading is required under S 17.
§ 17. Feudalism. (Recitation)
a. Origin of feudalism; influence of Roman and German in-
stitutions.
/'. The three elements of feudalism.
(1) The fief; subinfeudation.
(2) Vassalage ; rights and duties of lord and vassal.
(3) Immunity.
c. Complexity of feudal relations.
d. Feudalism and the church; the Truce of God.
c. y\dvantages and disadvantages of feudalism.
*§ 16 in review; and *reading on one of the topics below.
Bililiographies are to be handed in at this exercise by all stu-
dents in Sections 1 and 2. Students in other Sections will hand
in bibliographies at successive exercises on dates as bulletined.
Before beginning work on the bibliography consult the "Direc-
tions for Special Report Work" under § 15.
Topics for rcadiiifi
( 1 ) General accounts of feudalism.
Fmerton, Jutrodiictioii, ch. xv. Seignobos, The Tcudal
R'r(/iiiic, ch. ii ; same in Favisse ct Rambaud, Tlistoirc
Ghicralc, II, 25-30. Adams, Cii'iUzation duriug the
Middle .h/cs, ch. ix. y\dams, y\rticle "Feudalism," in
Riicyclopirdid Britaiuiica. Fmerton, M edicrval Europe,
ch. xiv.
(2) Some fen<lal documents and the significance of each.
I\ol)ins()n, Readiiifjs, 1, 176-187.
23
(3) Rights and duties of lord and vassal.
Petm. Reprints, IV, No. 3, 23-36. Scignobos, Feudal Re-
gime, 38-46; 59-68.
(4) Feudalism and the Church.
Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civilization, 188-209. Em-
erton, Mediaval Europe, 499-508; 568-571.
(5) Chivalry, knighthood, and feudal warfare.
Jones, Civilization during the Middle Ages, 56-72. Cor-
nish, Chivalry. Oman, Art of War in the Middle Ages,
510-516, 545-553. Lacroix, Military and Religious Life
in the Middle Ages, 136-171. Lacroix, The Arts in the
Middle Ages, 75-103. Barnard, Companion to English
History, ch. iii. Luchaire, Social France at the Time
of Philip Augustus, in ch. viii. Parmentier, Album
Historique, 195-202. Article "Knighthood" in Encyclo-
pedia Britannica.
(6) Castles and castle-life.
Viollet-le-Duc, Annals of a Fortress, ch. ix. Oman, Art
of War in the Middle Ages, 529-545. Lacroix, Man-
ners, Customs and Dress during the Middle Ages, 56
and following. Parmentier, Album Historique, 99-108.
Article "Castles" in Encyclopccdia Britannica.
Ch. VIII. The Emph^e and the Papacy in the Middle Ages,
8(X)-1300
§ 18. Germany and Italy; the Investiture Struggle. (Lecture)
a. The Empire in the lirst half of the 11th century:
the acquisition of Burgundy; Henry III (1039-1056). and
his control of the papacy.
b. Development of the papacy after Gregory I, the Great:
The False Decretals; Nicholas I, 858-867; the problems
of investiture, marriage of the clergy, and simony;
founding of the college of cardinals, 1059.
c. The Investiture Struggle:
Hildebrand (Pope Gregory VII), 1073-1085, character
and aims, Dictatus Papcc, opportunity in Germany, his al-
lies; Emperor Henry IV, 1056-1106, his difficulties and
his allies; the decree against investiture; action of Ger-
man bishops and of the nobles; what Henry gained at
Canossa; fate of Hildebrand and Henry; settlement in
the Concordat of Worms, 1122.
*Robinson, 152-172.
24
§ 19. Recitation on * § 18 with *reading on one of the fol-
lowing topics (optional for those who choose to read
on one of the topics under vjZO); *Shepherd, 62-63, 64
(upper map).
Topics for reading
(1) The Investiture Struggle.
SouKCKs. — Henderson, Documents, 2>()7-377, 388-391, 405-
409. Robinson, Readinus, I, 268-283, 292-293.
MoDKRN Works. — Emcrton, Mediaeval Europe, ch. viii,
based upon the documents and the best brief accoimt in
English. Rryce, Holy Roman Umpire, ch. x. Hender-
son, Short History of Gennajiy, ch. iii. Henderson,
Germany in the Middle /l//es, chs. xii-.xiv. Tout, Em-
pire and I'apacy. ch. vi. Miliuan, l!k. VH, ch. i. Steph-
ens, Hildehrarid and His Times^ chs. xi-xii.
(2) Nicholas 1 and the False Decretals.
Emerttm, Mediccz'al Europe, 03-81.
(3) The college of cardinals.
Henderson, Docnineiits, 301-365 (or Thatcher and McNeal,
Source Book, 126-131), together with the article "Cardi-
nal" in E}icyclopcrdia Ih-itannica.
§ 20. Hohenstaufen Emperors and the Popes. (Recitation)
(/. bVederick 1, "Barbarossa," 1152-1190:
his ideal of the empire; his contest with the Lombard
cities, — their government, the Lombard Lea,gue, their al-
liance with the papacy, Frederick's defeat at Lcgnano, the
Peace of Constance, 1183; b^-ederick's relations with the
Guelfs in Germany.
h. Henry Vi ; the Normans in Italy; Jrlenry's Norman mar-
riage; his difficulties in Germany and Italy.
c. Pope Innocent 111, 1198-1216:
the arbiter of western Europe, — in Germany, England,
Italy; suppresssion of heresy (see Roliinson, 223-224).
(/. Frederick II, 1212-1250, and the end of the Hohenstaufen':
Frederick's environment and characteristics ; why the Ho-
henstaufen were dangerous to the papacy; his struggle
with the papacy; French interference in southern Italy;
25
"fist-law" in Germany ; end of the Hohenstaufen and of
the mediaeval empire; condition of Germany and Italy.
e. The most famous medijeval emperors and their relations
with Italy.
*Robinson, ch. xiv ; *Shepherd, 70-71, 72; and a *rcading on
one of the following topics (optional for those who have already
read on one topic under §19).
Topics for reading
(1) Frederick I's relations with Germany, the pope, and Ar-
nold of Brescia.
Sources. — Henderson, Documents, 410-430. Thatcher and
McNeal, Source-Book, 176-181, 183-191, 199-202.
Modern Works. — Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, ch. ix. Em-
erton. Mediaeval Europe, 291-298, 305-312. Tout, Empire
and Papacy, 246-254, 264-273. Henderson, Germany in the
Middle Ages, 243-251, 260-263, 276-282. Henderson,
Short History of Germany, I, in ch. iv. Balzani, Popes
and Hohenstaufen, in chs. iii-iv. Lavisse et Ramliaud,
Hisfoire Gcncrale. II, 158-168.
(2) Lomljard Cities and Lombard League.
Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, 285-291, 298-311. Henderson,
Germany in the Middle Ages, 249-259, 269-279. Tout,
Empire and Papacy, 254-264. Sismondi, Halian Repub-
lics, ch. i. Hallam, View of the State of Europe Dur-
ing the Middle Ages, II, 18-36. Lavisse et Rambaud,
Histoire Gcncrale, U, 129-134, 145-153.
(3) Innocent III.
Source. — Thatcher and McNeal, Source Book, 217-233.
Modern Works. — Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, 327-343.
Tout, Empire and Papacy, in ch. xiv. Balzani, Popes
and Hohenstaufen, chs. viii-ix. Lavisse et Rambaud,
Histoire Gcncrale, II, 174-188. Milman, Latin Christian-
ity, Bk. IX, ch. vi, "Innocent and Spain."
(4) Frederick II.
Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, 323-327, 343-352. Tout, Em-
pire and Papacy, ch. xvi. Henderson, Germany in the
Middle Ages, ch. x.xiv or xxv. Balzani, Popes and Ho-
henstaufen, ch. X, xi, xii, or xiii. Fisher, Medieval Em-
pire, II, 167-200. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Gcncr-
26
(lie, II, 188-196. Henderson, Short History of Ger-
many, I, 92-101. Bryce, Holy Rninan Empire, ch. xiii
(first half). Milman, Latin Christianity, Bk. X, ch. iii
(last part, vol. V, 381-400). Freeman, Historical Es-
says, first Scries, 295-313, "The Emperor Frederick II.'"
Ch. IX. France and England in the Middle Ages, 8()U-13()()
§ 21. The Development of France from Charlemagne to
Philip the Fair. (Recitation)
a. The successors of Charlemagne (sec Robinson, 96).
b. Hugh Capet, 987, and the beginning of the Capetian line :
royal domain; feudal divisions of France (sec Shepherd,
61); difficulties of the early Capetians.
c. Philip Augustus, 1180-1223, — conflicts with his English vas-
sals, extension of the royal domain.
d. Louis IX (St. Louis), 1226-1270, — his character and gov-
ernment.
c. Philip the Fair, — councillors, Estates General, 1302.
*Robinson, ch. x; *Shepherd, 61, 69.
A reading is required on one of the topics under either §21 or
§22; *rcadin.g on topics under §21 will be called for at this exer-
cise; reading on topics under '^22 will be called for under §22.
Topics for rctnliinj
(1) Expeditions of the Northmen.
Robinson, Rcadiiic/s. I, in ch. viii. Johnson, The Nor mans.
chs. i-iii. Keary, J'ihinf/s in Western CTiristendom . chs.
v, xiv, XV. Oman, The Hark Ages, 414-423. Oman,
History of the Art of War, 89-115; 140-148 ("The Great
Siege of Paris").
(2) Growth of royal power under Philip Augustus.
Hutton, Philip Augustus, ch. v. Guizot, Concise History
of Prance. 96-111.
(3) Character of St. Louis.
Munro and Sellery, Medic7'al CiinJirjation, 366-375, "Advice
of St. Louis to his son." Joinville, St. Louis, ch. xv.
Perry, St. Louis, ch. xi. Guizot, Popular History of
Prance, ch. xviii, 125-155.
27
§ 22. England in the Middle Ages. (Recitation)
a. Alfred the Great; England before the Norman Conquest.
b. William the Conqueror; the Norman conquest of England,
1066; results of the Conquest.
c. Growth of the English Constitution, 1154-1295:
Henry ll's judicial reforms and struggle with P>ecket ;
Magna Carta, 1215; development of Parliament.
d. Comparison of the development of France and England
(Adams, Civilicatioii during the Middle Ages, 321-331).
*Rohinson, ch. xi ; *Shepherd, 6(), 65, 70.
♦Reading on one of the following topics for those who have
not done reading under §21.
Topics for reading
(1) The Norman Conquest.
Freeman, Short History of the Norman Conquest. 47-85.
Green, Short History of the English People, ch. ii, sees,
iv, V. Hodgkin, England to w66, 467-491. Oman, Eng-
land before the Norman Conquest, 629-651.
(2) Henry II and Thomas Beckct.
Cheyncy, Readings, 143-164. Adams, England, 1066-1216,
ch. xiii. Stubbs, Early Plantagenets, 58-84. Green,
Henry H, 127-154.
(3) Trial by Jury.
Pollock and Maitland, History of English Lazv, Bk. I, ch.
vi (first part).
(4) Magna Carta.
Robinson, Readings, 1, 231-238. Henderson, Historical
Documents, 135-148. Cheyney, Readings, 179-187.
The best estimate of Magna Carta and its importance is
McKcchnie, Magna Carta, 129-150.
(5) The development of French institutions compared with
those of England. Adams, Civilization during the Middle
Ages, 321-331.
§23. Written Hour Examination on *§§ 11-22 (including lec-
tures, text-book, map- work, reading, notes, recitations).
28
Ch. X. The Crusades
S 24. The Crusades, 1095-1270. (Lecture)
a. The Eastern Roman Empire — its civilization and services;
the Seljnk Tnrks.
/'. The First Crusade and the capture of Jerusalem :
appeal of Alexius; rumors from the East; Council of
Clermont, 1095; mixed motives of the Crusaders; first
hands and their fate ; army of knights, — leaders, routes,
disputes with Alexius; Antioch ; capture of Jerusalem,
1099 (see Shepherd, 6(S, lower map) ; feudal organization
of Syria; the three military-religious Orders.
c. The Second Crusade, 1147; Rernard of Clairvaux.
(/. The Third Crusade, 1189-1192:
Saladiu ; Richard the Liou-Hearted and Philip Augustus,
their routes and disputes.
e. The Fourth Crusade, 1202-1204:
Venice, her history and importance ; change in motives of
crusaders ; significance of this crusade.
/. Later Crusades of Frederick II and St. Louis (died 1270) ;
decline in the crusading spirit.
g. Results of the Crusades:
political, ecclesiastical and religious, economic, social, in-
tellectual.
*Rohinson, ch. xv; *outline map showing the routes of the First,
Third, and Fourth Crusades (see Shepherd, 66-67, 70-71, 73). A
reading is required under § 25.
Topics for reading
(1) The civilization of Constantinople during the Middle Ages.
Munro, A History of the Middle .Iges, ch. x. Gihhon, De-
cline and Pall, ch. liii (a plan of Constantinople soon
after its founding is given in Bury's edition, H, 149).
Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civilization, 212-224 . Hen-
derson, Dociunents, 441-477. Harrison, Meaning of His-
tory, 330-360.
(2) The Council of Clermont and the motives of the Crusaders.
Rohinson, Readings, I. 312-321, 329-340. Pcnn. Reprints, I,
no. 2, 2-8, 12-19. Thatcher and McNeal, Source Book,
29
512-523. Guizot, Popular History of France, ch. xvi
(first part). Mills, History of the Crusaders, ch. ii.
Gibbon, Decline and Fall, ch. Iviii (first part). Milman,
Latin Christianity, Bk. VII, ch. vi.
(3) The Crusade of Richard the Lion-hearted.
iA.rcher, The Crusade of Richard /. Archer and Kings-
ford, The Crusades, ch. xxii. Michaud, History of the
Crusades, I, Bk. VIII (latter part). Lane-Poole, Sala-
din. 279-299. Oman, History of the Art of War, 303-317.
(4) The Fourth Crusade.
Penn. Reprints, III, no. 1, "The Sources for the Fourth
Crusade." Milman, Latin Christianity, Bk. IX, ch. vii.
Gibbon, Decline and Fall, ch. Ix (latter half). Pears,
Fall of Constantinople.
(5) The Crusades of St. Louis.
Perry, St. Louis, ch. vii. Joinville, St. Louis, ch. vii or x.
(Joinville was a personal friend of St. Louis and ac-
companied the king on his first crusade.)
(6) The Life of the Crusaders in the East.
Penn. Reprints, I, no. 4, "Letters of the Crusaders writ-
ten from the Holy Land."
§25. Recitation on *§24; *Shepherd, 66-67, 70-71, 73; and
*reading on at least one topic under v? 24.
Ch. X. Medi.\eval Life
§ 26. The Mediaeval Church. (Recitation)
a. "Ways in which the mediaeval church differed from mod-
ern churches."
b. The Pope, — election (Robinson. 162. Henderson, Docu-
ments, 361-5), powers, income; the canon law.
c. The ranks and duties of the secular clergy ; the seven sac-
raments.
d. The services of the church and the corruption of the secu-
lar clergy and the monks.
c. Heresy and the attempts to check it. — the Albigensians and
Waldensians, the inquisition, the mendicant friars.
*Robinson, chs. xvi, xvii. A reading is required on one of the
topics under cither §26 or §27; *reading on topics under §26
will lie called for at this exercise ; reading on topics under § 27
will be called for under § 27.
30
Topics for reading
( 1 ) Tlic canon law.
Enicrton, Mediaeval Eurofc, 582-592. Pollock and Mait-
land, Ilistory of English Lazv, Bk. 1, ch. v. "Roman and
Canon Law." Rashdall, Uiiiz'crsilies of Europe in the
Middle .Igcs, 12tS-143. "Gratian and the Canon Law."
(2) The ideals and services of St. Francis of Assisi.
Sources. — The rnle of St. JM-ancis, Henderson, Documents,
344-349. Rule and Testament of St. Francis: Thatcher
and McNeal, Source Book, 498-507; Robinson, Read-
ings, L 387-395. The Mirror of Perfection by Brother
Leo.
MouiiKN WoKKS. — Sabatier, St. Erancis of .Issisi. a re-
markable biograph}'. Lea, Ilistory of the Imjuisition of
the Middle .Iges. L 256-268. Jessopp, 'J'he Coming of
the Eriars, ch. i (beginning p. 9). Milman, Latin Chris-
tianity. Bk. IX, ch. X.
(3) "Parish Priests and their People."
Cutts, Parish Priests and their Peolde in the Middle .hjes
in England, any chapter, e. g., xvii, "Celiliacy of the
Clergy," xxi, "Customs," xxii. "Abuses," xxxi. "Disci-
pline." Gasquet, Parish Life in Mediaeval England, any
chapter.
(4) Waldensians and Albigensians.
Lea, hujuisition of the Middle Ages, I. 76-88 (Walden-
sians), or ch. iv, "The Albigensian Crusade." Munro
and Sellery, Medieval Civilization, 432-457, "Southern
France and the Religious Opposition" (adapted from
Luchaire, Innocent III). SchatT, Christian Church. V,
493-507 (Waldenscs), or 507-515 ( Albigenses). Histor-
ical Novel: Edward Everett Hale, In His Name (A
Story of the Waldensians).
(5) The mediaeval inquisition.
Lea, Inquisition of the Middle Ages. I. ch. ix, "The In-
quisitorial Process" (or any other of chs. vii-xiv).
Schaff, Christian Church, V, 515-533. Haskins, Ameri-
can Historical Rcviciv, VH, 437-457, 651-652 (especially
643-651 procedure and penalties), "The Beginnings of
the Inquisition in Northern France."
31
(6) "Popular worship and superstition."
Penn. Reprints, II, no. 4, "Monastic Tales." Gasquet, Par-
ish Life in Mediaeval England, ch. vii. Schaff, Christian
Church, V, 831-850. Cutts, Parish Priests and their
People, ch. xiii, "The Public Services in Church." Mil-
man, Latin Christianity, Bk. XIV, ch. ii. Two valuable
general accounts of the mediaeval church arc in Lea,
History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ayes, I, ch. i,
emphasizing the abuses in the church, and in Lavisse et
Rambaud, Hi-stoire Gencrale, II, ch. v, "L'eglise et le
pouvoir pontitical." Accounts giving the more favorable
side of the church may be found in the books of Cutts,
Gasquet, and in Alzog, Manual of Universal Church
History.
Illustrations in Lacroi.x, Military and Reliyious Life in the
Middle Ages, 203 and following. Parmentier, Album
Historiquc, chs. vii, x. lujr references on the monastic
life see § 9 .
§ 27. The Culture of the Middle Ages. (Recitation)
a. Language and literature.
b. The fine arts, — painting, sculpture, architecture.
c. Universities, — their origin, nature, methods of instruction,
courses of study.
*Robinson, ch. xix. *Reading on one of the following topics re-
quired of those who did not do the reading under § 26.
Topics for reading
(1) Troubadours and minstrels.
J. H. Smith, Trobadonrs at Home, I, in ch. viii, "Their In-
tellectual World," or II, ch. xxxi, "A Day in the World
of the Troubadours." Jusserand, English Wayfaring
Life in the Middle Ages, 188-218 (minstrels).
(2) Gothic Architecture.
Moore, Development and Character of Gothic Architec-
ture, ch. i, "Definition of Gothic." Norton, Historical
Studies of Church Building in the Middle Ages, ch. i.
Norton, "The Building of the Church of St. Denis,"
Harper's Magacine, vol. 79, 766-776; "The Building of
the Cathedral of Chartres," ibid., 944-955 (both illus-
trated).
32
(3) Abclard.
McCabe, Abclard, ch. ii, "A Brilliant Victory." ch. iv, "The
Idol of Paris," or ch. vii, "The Trial of a Heretic."
Rashdall, Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages. 1,
48-63. Robinson, Keadinys, I, 44(>4S5. Lane- Poole, II-
lustratioHs uf the History of Mediaeval Tlioiti/lit, ch. v.
(4) The Mediaeval Universities. ( See Shepherd, 100, lower map.)
Rashdall, The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ayes,
I, ch. i, "What is a University." or II, in ch. xiv, "Stu-
dent Life in the Middle Ages." Paulsen, German Lhii-
versilies, their Character and Development, 10-38 (pub-
lished also in Report of the United States Commission-
er of Education, 1891-1892, I). Emerton, Mediaeval
Europe, 465-47G. Green, Short History of the English
People, ch. iii, Sect. 4. Penn. Reprints, IT, no. 3, "The
Mediaeval Student." Cheyney, Readings in English His-
tory, 188-195. Ogg, Source Book, 339-359. Munro and
Sellery, Medieval Civilisation, 348-357. Luchaire, Social
Life at the Time of Philip Augustus. 69-92.
(5) Mediaeval ideas of science, history, and philosophy.
Robinson, Readings, I, 438-446, 455-461. Munro and Sel-
lery, Medieval Civilization, 458-473, "The Intellectual
Movement of the Thirteenth Century," adapted from
Lavisse, Histoire de Prance, III, Part ii, 387-416. Dra-
per, History of the Hitellectual Development in Europe,
in ch. .xviii. Lacroix, Science and Literature in the Mid-
dle Ages and at tlie Period of the Renaissance, the ear-
lier parts of any one of the chapters in "Philosophic
Sciences," "Mathematical Sciences," "Natural Sciences,"
"Medical Sciences," "Chemistry and Alchemy," "The
Occult Sciences," "Geographical Sciences," "Chronicles,
Histories, Memoirs." This book, as its title indicates,
extends beyond the Middle Ages, so that the latter por-
tions of the chapters describe conditions in the 15th and
16th centuries. Illustrations on the intellectual life and
fine arts of the Middle Ages in Parmentier, Album His-
torique, chs .xvii, xix.
33
§ 28. The Life of the Country People. (Lecture)
a. The manor or vill, — its general character.
b. The three-held system of agriculture.
c. The country people :
free tenants; the unfree; the obligations of the unfree;
ways of securing freedom.
d. Life of the country people:
houses, crops, animals, food, and clothing; manorial courts
and customs; isolation and self-sufiiciency of the manor.
e. Influences tending to break down the manorial system.
*I\obinson, ch. xviii. *Shepherd, 104.
A reading on one of the following topics or one of the topics
under §29 will be required under §29.
Topics for reading
(1) Life and organization of the country people.
Seignobos, The Feudal Regime, 3-26. Cheyney, Social
and Industrial History of England, ch. ii. Ashley, Eng-
lish Economic History, I, ch. i, "The Manor and the
Village Community." Gibbins, Hidustry in England,
70-85. Jessopp, Coming of the Friars, ch. ii. Jessopp,
Studies by a Recluse, ch. v. Pollock and Maitland, His-
tory of English Law, Bk. II, ch. ii §3, "The Unfree."
Jusscrand, English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages,
Part I, ch. ii, or Part II, ch. iii. Article "Villenage," by
Vinogradoff, in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Page, The
End of Villainage in England, 1-35. hor detailed studies
see the writings of Vinogradoff.
(2) Descriptions of actual individual manors.
Penn. Reprints, III, no. 5, 1-24, 31-2. Seebohm, English
Village Community, 1-13, 22-32. Fowler. "Study of a
typical mediaeval village" in Quarterly Journal of Eco-
nomics, IX. 151-174 (1895).
(3) The Black Death and its effects.
Jessopp, Coming of the Friars, ch. iv. Cheyney, Indus-
trial and Social History of England, ch. v. Trevclyan,
England in the Age of JVycliffe. 183-195.
34
§ 29. Life of the People in the Towns. (Recitation)
a. Mediaeval towns, — origin and characteristics.
b. Merchant gilds ; craft gilds.
c. Mediaeval commerce, — goods, routes, restrictions ; Hanse-
atic League (Shepherd, 98-99).
d. Importance of the growth of towns and commerce.
*§29 in review; *Shepherd, 98-99, 102-103; *reading on at least
one topic under § 28 or § 29.
Topics for rcadiiKj
(1) Town life and organization.
Cheyney, Social and Industrial History of England, ch.
iii. Parmentier, Albiiiii Historiqiic, 147-156. Ashley,
Enijlish Economic History, II, 5-43. Green, Tozvu Life
in the Eiftcentli Century. I, ch. iv, "The Connnon Life
of the Towns"; 11. ch. i, "The Town Manners." Gib-
bins, Hidiistry in England, ch. vi. Munro and Sellery,
Medieval Civilization, 358-365. Thatcher and McNeal.
Source-Book, 578-604.
(2) The various crafts and craft gilds.
Pcnii. Reprints, II, no. 1, 20-32. Cunningham, Growth of
English Industry and Commerce, Bk. Ill, ch. iv. La-
visse et Rambaud, Histoire Gencralc, II, 510-536.
(3) Markets and fairs.
Green, Town Life in the Fifteenth Century, II, ch. ii.
(4) The growth of commerce and its results.
Adams, Civilication during the Middle Ages, ch. xii. Day,
History of Commerce, chs. xi-xiv.
(5) The Jews in the Middle Ages.
Jacobs, The Jczvs of Angevin England.' Pollock and Mait-
land. History of English Law, Bk. II, ch. ii, §7.
Thatcher and McNeal, Source Book, 573-578. Cunning-
ham, Grozvfh of English Industry and Commerce. § 70
and §93. The Jewish Encyclopedia, articles on "Eng-
land," "France," "Cologne," "Frankfort," "Crusades."
Lacroi.x, Manners, Customs and Dress during the Mid-
dle Ages, 434-455.
35
C. THE PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE AND
REFORMATION, FROM ABOUT 1300 TO ABOUT 1600
Ch. XII. The Formation of Modekn Nations, and the Condi-
tions IN Europe Preceding the Reformation
§ 30. England and France; The Hundred Years' War.
(Recitation)
a. England under Edward I and II.
b. The Hundred Years' War.
(1) Causes.
(2) The English occupation of France, 1337-136U:
Cregy, 1346; Calais; Poiters. 1356; Peace of Bret-
igny, 1360; reasons for the success of the English.
(3) The driving out of the English. 1361-1453:
English losses before the death of Edward III;
new English victories,— Agincourt, 1415; alliance
of English and Burgundians ; treaty of Troyes;
siege of Orleans, 1429; Joan of Arc's career and
influence; final expulsion of the English and end
of the Hundred Years' War. 1453; Calais.
c. France under Charles VII and Louis XI:
Military reforms and taille in the reign of Charles VII ;
Louis XI (1461-1483),— character, struggle with Charles
the Bold of Burgundy; destruction of the power of the
feudal princes.
*Robinson, ch. xx ; *Shepherd, 76, 77, 81 (lower map).
Optional reading on one of the following topics.
Topics for reading
(1) The Battle of Cregy.
Froissart, Chronicles, Bk. I, chs. 127-131 ; in Passages
from Froissart, edited by Marzials, 24-42. Robinson.
Readings, I, 466-470. Oman, History of the Art of
War, 603-615.
(2) Joan of Arc.
Lowell. Joan of Arc, any of chs. iii-viii. Murray. Jeanne
d'Arc. 6-55 (Joan's answers at her public examination).
Anatole France, Vie de Jeanne d'Arc, any chapter.
36
Guizot, Popular History of Prance. Ill, ch. xxiv. Gui-
zot, Concise History, 186-191. Kitchin, History of
Prance, I, 532-555. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoirc Gen-
erate, III. 144-154. Lea, The Inquisition of the Middle
Ayes, III, 338-378. Green, Short History of the Png-
lish People, ch. vi, sect. 1.
§ 31. The Popes and the Reforming Councils. (Recitation)
a. National upposition to the papacy.
(1) Philip the Fair and the opposition in France to Pope
Boniface VIII; the papacy at Avignon ("The
Babylonish Captivity," 1305-1377).
(2) Wycliffe and the opposition in England.
(3) John Hnss in Bohemia; burning of Huss, 1415;
the Hussite Wars.
b. The attempts at reform by the Councils :
"The Great Schism," 1378-1418; Council of Pisa, 14U9:
Council of Constance and its threefold program, 1414-
1418; Council of Basel, 1431-1449; failure of the coun-
cils to reform papacy and church.
*Robinson, ch. xxi ; *Shepherd, 81 (upper map); and *reading
on one of the following topics.
Topics for reading
(1) The contest between Philip the Fair and Boniface VIII.
Kitchin, History of Prance, I, 373-391. Milman. Latin
Christianity, Bk. XI, ch. viii (last part), or ch. \x (last
part). Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoirc Gcncrale, III, 26-
2)7. The bulls, "Clericis Laicos," and "Unam Sanctam"
are in Henderson, Documents. 432-7, and Thatcher and
McNeal, Source Book. 311-317.
(2) Wycliffe.
Green, Short History of tlie PiiglisI; People, ch. v, sect. 4.
Creighton, History of the Papacy. I, Bk. I, in ch. ii.
Creighton, Historical Essays and Rez'iezvs, essay on
"John Wiclif." Lane-Poolc, JPycliffe and Movements
for Reform, ch. vii. Article "Wycliffe" in Dictionary
of National Biography. Robinson, Readings. I, 498-
502, gives examples of Wycliffe's English. Lechler.
37
John H^ycliffe and liis English Precursors, in ch. vi,
sect. 2, "Wycliffe's Itinerant Preachers," or ch. vii, sect.
3, "The Wycliffe Translation of the Bi1)le."
.(3) Huss.
Creighton, History of the Papacy, Bk. II, ch. v. Lea, In-
quisition of the Middle Ages, II, ch. vii (the latter part
on the trial of Huss). Lane- Poole, Wycliffe and Move-
ments for Reform, ch. xi. Henderson, Short History
of Germany, 209-220. Wylie, Cotincil of Constance to
the Death of John Huss, either Lect. V, "Trial," or
Lect. VI. "Death."
(4) Evils in papacy and church in 14th and 15th centuries.
Robinson, Readings. I, 502-514. Penn. Reprints, III, no.
6, 25-33 (same in volume on the Reformation). Tre-
velyan, England in the Age of JVycliffe, in either ch. iv.
or ch. V.
§ 32. The Italian Towns and the Beginnings of the Renais-
sance. (Lecture)
a. Character and limits of the new era.
b. Causes of the Renaissance :
crusades ; growth of industry and commerce ; importance
of wealth for the Renaissance ; the Italian cities and
city-life; influence of nature; classical antiquity and
Greek scholars.
c. Phases of the Renaissance.
(1) Literature and scholarship:
Dante, a mediaeval and modern man ; Petrarch, a
modern man ; discovery and criticism of classical
manuscripts ; the humanists and the revival of
learning.
(2) Fine Arts:
architects and sculptors, — Niccola of Pisa, Giotto,
Brunelleschi, Donatello, Michel Angelo; painters, —
Giotto, Fra Angclico, Botticelli. Leonardo da Vinci,
Raphael, Michel Angelo (d. 15r>4).
(3) Science and discovery:
exploration and travel ; need of new route to the
Spice Islands ; Vasco da Gama ; Columbus ; new in-
ventions and beginnings of new ideas in science.
*Robinson, ch. xxii; *Shepherd, 107-110.
88
§33. Recitation on * § 32; ^Shepherd, 107-110; and *reading
on one of the following topics
Topics for rcadiufj
(1) Selections from Dante's Divine Comedy (translations by
Norton, Gary, Longfellow, also in Temple Classics).
Inferno, Cantos I-IV; Purgatory, Cantos XXIX-
XXXII; Paradise, Cantos. X-XII.
(2) Petrarch.
Ro])inson and Rolfc, Petrarch, 76-87, 97-129. Eucyclo-
pcrdia Britanuica, article "Petrarch," by Symonds. Vil-
lari, MachiavcUi, I, 1(%-120. Whitcomb, Source Book of
of the Italian Renaissance, 8-15.
(3) Beginnings of Humanism.
Robinson and Rolfe, Petrarch. 227-242; 275-278. Symonds,
Renaissance in Italy, II, 123-145. Burckhardt, Renais-
sance in Italy, 187-209. Cambridge Modern History, I,
532-554. Creighton, History of the Papacy, Bk. IV, ch.
iv, "Nicholas V and the Revival of Learning." Pastor,
History of the Popes, II, 165-214, "Nicholas V as pa-
tron of the Renaissance in Literature and Art."
(4) Florentine Life in the Renaissance.
Burckhardt, Renaissance in Italy. 73-83. Norton, Church
Building in the Middle Ages, 181-233. Oliphant, Mak-
ers of Florence, ch. vi, "A Peaceful Citizen." Symonds,
Renaissance in Italy, I, chs. iii-iv. Illustrations in Par-
mentier. Album Historique, TI, 71-87. Historical
novel : George Eliot, Romola.
(5) Giotto.
Vasari, Lives of the Painters. I, 93-122 (ed. Bohn) ; I,
73-105 (Temple Classics).
(6) Leonardo da Vinci.
Vasari, Lives of the Painters, II, 366-394 (cd. Bohn) ; III,
219-238 (Temple Classics). Pater, Leonardo da Vinci
(in The Bibelot, VII, ii).
(7) Bruncllcsclii and the Dome of the Cathedral in Florence.
Norton, Church Building in the Middle Ages. 234-292.
(8) Exploration and Discovery.
Marco Polo, Travels (best edition by Yule: third edition
revised by Cordier), 2-30 (after the Introduction).
Cheyney, European Background of American History,
chs. iii, iv. Channing. History of the United States, I,
ch. i. Fiske, Discot>ery of America, I, ch. iv.
39
§ 34. Italy at the close of the 15th century. (Recitation)
a. Introduction :
the area of Christendom ; the characteristics of the old
and new eras.
b. Italy:
its lack of unity, causes and results ; iive main divisions
of Italy at end of 15th century.
c. The Humanists and the revival of learning at Florence :
Florence, the modern Athens; Lorenzo de' Medici (died
1492) ; Machiavelli ; non-religious character of the Italian
Renaissance.
d. Savonarola (1452-1498) and the reform in Florence:
Savonarola as preacher ; Prior of San Marco in Flor-
ence; prophet and politician, — the expulsion of the Me-
dici, Charles VIII's entry into Florence; reform of morals
in Florence ; attacks on Alexander VI ; reasons for the
excommunication and execution of Savonarola ; failure of
his attempt at reform.
e. Character of the papacy at the end of the fifteenth century.
*Seebohm, Era of the Protestant Revolution, 1-26, 66-74; *Shep-
herd. 90.
Optional reading on Savonarola, or the character of the papacy.
Topics for readincj
(1) Savonarola.
Symonds, Short History of the Renaissance, ch. v, "Savon-
arola, Scourge and Seer." Oliphant, Makers of Flor-
ence, any one of chs. ix-xiii. Creighton, History of the
Papacy, Bk. V, ch. viii, and parts of ch. vii. Villari,
Machiavelli and his Times, I, 334-353. Ranke, Latin
and Teutonic Nations, 110-126. Lea, Inquisition of the
Middle Ages, III, 209-237. Cambridge Modern History,
I, ch. V. Villari, Life of Savonarola, any chapter, c. g.,
I, Bk. II, ch. V (Constitution of 1494), ch. vi, "Savona-
rola's Prophecies and Prophetical Writings"; II, Bk.
IV, ch. vii, "The Ordeal by Fire, ch. xi (trial and ex-
ecution), or 413-422, "Conclusion." Symonds, The Re-
naissance in Haly, I {The Age of Despots), ch. viii.
Pastor, History of the Popes (ed. Antrobus), V, ch. ii
(especially 181-213), or VI, ch. i. Historical novel:
George Eliot. Roniola.
40
(2) The character of the Papacy at the close of the 15th cen-
tury.
Lea, in Cambridge Modern History, I, ch. xix, "The
Eve of the Reformation," especially 653-674. Ranke,
History of the Popes, I, ch. ii, sects. 1, 2.
Symonds, Short History of the Renaissance, ch. iv. Sy-
monds, Renaissance in Haly, I, ch. vi. Burckhardt, Civ-
ilisation of the Renaissance in Italy, Part I, ch. x. La-
visse et Rambaud, Histoire Gcncrale, IV, 10-23. For
views by Roman Catholic vifriters see Pastor, History
of the Popes, in vol. VI, and Alzog, Manual of Univer-
sal Church History, II, 902-914, 928-931.
§ 35. The Spanish and French Monarchies at the opening of
the 16th century. (Recitation)
a. Beginning of the absolute monarchy in Spain :
consolidation of the kingdoms; Ferdinand and Isabella, —
domestic policy and marriage alliances ; heritage of
Charles V.
/;. The French monarchy from Louis XI to Francis I ; reasons
for its strengtli and weakness ; condition of the peasantry.
c. Relations between France and Italy; Concordat of 1516;
the Renaissance in France.
d. Comparison of the political and religious conditions in
Spain and France at the opening of the 16th century
with those in Italy.
*Seebohm, 34-46; *Robinson, ch. xxiii; *Shephcrd, 83, lower
map ("Spain, 1212-1492"), an<l 84.
Optional reading on Savonarola (see §34) or on one of the fol-
lowing topics.
Topics for readiufi
(1) The Inquisition in Spain.
Lea, History of the Inquisition of Spain, I, ch. iv, "The
Establishment of the Inquisition"; II, 507-534, "The
Secret Prison"; 111, 1-35, "Torture"; IV, 179-205, "Sor-
cery and the Occidt Arts." Prescott, History of Fer-
dinand and Isabella. I, ch. vii.
(2) Francis I and French society and culture.
Adams, Grozvth of the French Nation. 148-159. Robinson,
Margaret of Angoulcmc, ch. ii. Lavisse ct Rambaud,
Histoire Gcncrale, IV, 168-183.
41
§ 36. England and the Oxford Reformers. (Recitation)
a. England before the accession of Henry VII, 1485.
b. Establishment of the Tudor monarchy:
Henry VII (1485-1509), — how he gained and kept his
power; Henry VIII, — first marriage, foreign ambitions
and alliances.
c. The Oxford Reformers, — Colet, Erasmus, More.
*Secbohm, 46-55, 74-94.
Optional reading on one of the following topics.
Tapirs for rcadiuq
(1) Sir Thomas More.
More, Utopia. Roper, Life of More (also prefixed to
Lumby's edition of the Utopia ; Roper was More's
son-in-law). Peiiii. Reprints. I, no. 1, 8-16. Green,
Short History of the Eiu/lish People, ch. vi, sect. 4
(latter part).
(2) Erasmus.
Whitcomb, Source Book of the Gcriiinn Renaissance, 47-62
(two colloquies of Erasmus). Erasmus, Praise of Polly
(extracts in Robinson, Readings. II, 41-46). Seclwhm,
Oxford Reformers. 186-205 (Erasmus's Italian jour-
ney and his Praise of Polly). Emerton, Desiderius
Erasmus, ch. v (illustrated).
(3) Historical Novel: Charles Reade, The Cloister and the
Hearth (time of Erasmus).
§ 37. Germany on the Eve of the Reformation, 1493-1519.
(Lecture)
a. Political conditions :
weakness of the emperors since the fall of the Hohen-
staufen; growth of the power of the princes; the Golden
Bull (1356) and the Seven Electors; the Diet; the
Knights ; failure of attempts at reform ; dynastic policy
of the Hapsburgs; Maximilian, 1493-1519; Hapsburg
marriages and lands.
h. Social and economic conditions.
( 1 ) The peasants :
their grievances; revolts and failures.
42
(2) The towns :
importance; industries; commerce and capital.
(3) The church and reUgion :
grievances, religious enthusiasm and desire for re-
form ; mystics.
(4) Intellectual and artistic life:
influence of Erasmus, Reuchlin, Hutten ; "Letters
of Obscure Men" ; schools and universities ; fine
arts and inventions ; character of the Renaissance
in Germany.
c. Need of reform in political, social and economic condi-
tions ; failure of attempts at reform ; omens of revolu-
tion.
*Seebohm, 26-33, 55-65; *Robinson, ch. xxiv ; *Shepherd, 86-87.
A reading on one of the following topics or on one of the top-
ics in § 38 is required under § 39.
Topics for reading
(1) The peasantry and the peasant revolts before Luther.
Lindsay, History of the Reformation, H, 89-113. Janssen,
History of the German People at the Close of the Middle
Ages, in Bk. IH, ch. i (a favorable picture of the peas-
antry before Luther's time by a Roman Catholic writer).
(2) Religious conditions in Germany on the eve of the Refor-
mation.
Lindsay, History of the Reformation, I, in ch. v, especially
127-157. Beard, Martin Luther, in ch. ii. Cambridge
Modern History, I, in ch. xix, "The Eve of the Refor-
mation," especially 682-692.
(3) The German Humanists.
Creighton, History of the Papacy, Bk. VL ch. i. Beard,
Martin Lutlier, ch. iii (latter part). Robinson, Read-
ings, II, 37-50. Whitcomb, Source Bool; of the German
Renaissance, 62-80 (Hutten and the Letters of Ob-
scure Men), or 80-89 and 99-113 (the experiences of
wandering students). Seebohm, Oxford Reformers,
294-306; 312-321 (Erasmus in the printing-office, and his
Greek edition of the New Testament). Emcrton, Eras-
inns, ch. vi. Francke, History of German Literature as
determined by Social Forces, 100-110, 141-150.
43
Ch. XIII. The Protestant Revolution in Germany in the
16th Century
§ 38. Martin Luther (1483-1546) and the Beginning of the
Reformation in Germany to 1521. (Lecture)
a. Luther's early struggles, 1483-1517:
home, school, university and monastery ; religious de-
velopment; influence of St. Paul (e. g., Romans i, 17,
and iii, 20-28), St. Augustine, and German mystics; pro-
fessor at Wittenberg, 1508; journey to Rome; Luther
as preacher and priest.
b. Luther's opposition to the indulgences :
the indulgences in theory and practice ; Tetzel ; Luther's
attitude; posting of the 95 theses, 1517; feeling in Ger-
many.
c. Gradual development of Luther's opposition to the Papacy,
1517-1520:
Luther's hearing before the papal legate ; appeal to the
Pope ; negotiations ; disputation with Eck at Leipzig
(Luther and Huss) ; the three pamphlets of 1520; ex-
communication ; burning of the papal bull and the canon
law, 1520.
d. The Diet of Worms, 1521 :
Luther's journey; Luther and Charles V; Luther before
the Diet; the Edict of Worms.
c. Luther a typical German and the Hero of the Reformation.
*Seebohm, Era of the Protestant Revolution, 94-130. A read-
ing on one of the following topics is required under § 39 for those
who do not read on a topic under § 37.
Topics for reading
(1) Luther's early life (to 1517).
Lindsay, Rcfornwtion, I, 190-205. Cambridge Modern
History. II, 104-121. Freytag, Martin Luther, 5-12, 24-
32. Schaff, History of the Christian Church. VI, 105-
143'. Kostlin, Luther, 1-27 (childhood and life in
school), or 28-63 (student and monk). Beard, Luther,
116-144, or 144-165 (life in the convent).
44
(2) The indulgences and Luther's 95 theses.
Creighton, History of the Papacy, Bk. VI, in ch. iii.
Lindsay, Reformatio]!, \, 216-233; much the same ac-
count in Lindsay's ch. in Cambridge Modern History,
U, 121-133. Beard, Luther, 200-225. Schaff, History
of the Christian Church, VI, 146-169. Kostlin, Luther,
82-107. A very full account in Lea, History of Auricu-
lar Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church,
especially III, 379-402; the appendix contains facsim-
iles of indulgences. Compare Archbishop Albert's In-
structions and Tetzel's Sermon, with Luther's 95 Theses,
in Penn. Reprints, II, no. 6. Myconius' attempt to get
an indulgence free, in Freytag, Martin Luther, 13-23.
Accounts by Roman Catholic writers may be found in
Jansscn, History of the German People, III, 89-95; Ad-
dis and Arnold, A Catholic Dictionary, article "Indul-
gence."
(3) Luther's early writings.
Extracts in Robinson, Readings, II, 57-61, 66-68, 74-83.
The three pamphlets of 1520 arc translated in Wace
and Buchheim, Luther's Primary JVorks: — "To the
Christian Nobility of the German Nation," 17-92;
"Concerning Christian Liberty," 95-137; "On the Baby-
lonish Captivity of the Church," 141-245. Francke,
History of German Literature, 150-162.
§ 39. Recitation on * i^§ 37-38, including a *reading on one
topic and *Shepherd, 86-87
§ 40. The German Reformation from the Diet of Worms to
the Peace of Augsburg, 1521-1555. (Lecture)
a. Luther at the Wartburg, 1521-1522:
his translation of the New Testament ; religious and lit-
erary importance of the Lutheran Bible.
/'. Social and political revolution :
Luther's opposition to the Radicals; Hutten and .Sickin-
gen ; the Peasants' War, 1524-1525; Luther's attitude to-
ward the peasants and revolution; the Anabaptists (at
Aliinstcr, 1534-1535); Luther's marriage, 1525; effects of
marriage of monks and dissolution, of monasteries.
45
c. Beginnings of the Lutheran church, — government, worship,
and belief.
d. The connection of Charles V with the Reformation:
Charles' rivalry with Francis I, — battle of Pavia, 1525,
treaty of Madrid and First Diet of Spires, 1526, the sack
of Rome, 1527; renewed alliance of Pope and Emperor
and Second Diet of Spires, 1529; Diet and Confession of
Augsburg, 1530; Charles and the Protestant Princes of
Germany, — increasing power and ambition of the Princes,
Luther's death, Schmalkald War, 1546-1547, French con-
quest of the three bishoprics, Peace of Augsburg and its
defects.
e. Charles V's abdication, 1556, and death, 1558; the division
of the Hapsburg heritage (Shepherd, 118-119).
*Seebohm, 131-166 (omitting pages on Switzerland).
A reading on one of the following topics is required under §41.
Topics for reading
(1) Luther's marriage and home life.
Kostlin, Luther, 325-335, 534-555. Freytag, Martin Luther,
97-112. Jacobs, Luther, 263-267, 394-406. Schaff, His-
tory of the Christian Church, VI, 454-473.
(2) Luther and the Peasants' War: his attitude toward the
peasants; and the effects of the war on the religious
development of Germany.
McGiffert, Martin Luther, ch. xvii, "The Peasants' War"
(substantially the same in Century Magazine, vol. 82, pp.
562-567). Luther's pamphlet "Against the murdering
and robbing bands of peasants" is translated in Crozer
Theological Seminary, Historical Leaflets, no. 4. Lind-
say, Reformation, I, 324-339. Cambridge Modern His-
tory, II, in ch. vi.
(3) Government and worship of the Lutheran Church.
Lindsay, Reformation, I, 400-416. Schaff, History of the
Christian Church, VI, 484-494, 5l5-520'. Walker, Refor-
mation. 136-143. Ranke, Reformation in Germany, Bk.
IV, ch. v. '
A discussion of Lutheran hymns is in Schaff', VI, 494-512.
and of the new ideas of church and state, 520-546.
41. Recitation on *§40; *Robinson 405-420; *Shepherd, 114-
115, 116 (upper map), 118-119; and a *reading on one of
the topics under § 40
46
Ch. XIV. The Reformation in Switzerland, Geneva, and
France in the 16th Century
§42. Zwingli (1484-1531) and the Reformation in Switzerland.
(Lecture)
a. The Swiss Confederation.
(1) Its origin.
(2) The political and social conditions in Switzerland at the
opening of the 16th Centnry :
government of the Confederation ; forest and city can-
tons ; foreign relations ; traffic in mercenaries ; social con-
ditions.
/;. Zwingli's preparation for his work :
ancestry and environment ; education ; humanist ; priest ;
chaplain in the Italian wars; retirement to Einsiedeln ;
call to Ziirich.
c. The Reformation in Switzerland :
Zwingli's methods and influence as people's priest in
Zurich; gradual progress of the Reformation in Ziirich,
1519-1525; spread of the Zwinglian Reformation in
Switzerland; the Marburg Conference with Luther,
1529; comparison of Luther and Zwingli.
d. Religious war in Switzerland:
causes of the war between the Protestant and Catholic
(Forest) cantons; Zwingli's policy; mistakes of Ziirich
and the Protestant cantons ; renewal of the war ; battle
of Cappel and death of Zwingli, 1531 ; Peace of Cappel ;
character of Zwingli and of the Zwinglian or Swiss Refor-
mation.
*Robinson, 421-425; *Seebohm, 156-162; *Shepherd, 91, 114-115,
118-119; and *inap showing for about 1560:
(1) Lands of the Spanish and also of the Austrian Hapsburgs.
(2) The boundary of the Empire.
(3) Location of Bavaria, Brandenburg. Electorate of Saxony,
Duchy of Prussia.
(4) Boundary of the Swiss Confederation.
Optional reading on one of the following topics.
47
Topics for reading
(1) General accounts of Zwingli's life and work.
Lindsay, History of the Reformation, II, 24-52. Walker,
Reformation, 149-180. Ranke, Reformation in Germany,
Bk. V, ch. iii. Cambridge Modern History, II, 307-329.
Dandliker, History of Switzerland, 130-145. Fisher,
Reformation, 136-156. Hausser, Reformation, 125-142.
Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generate, IV, 458-472.
Janssen, History of the German People, V, 129-143.
(2) .Conditions in Switzerland before Zwingli.
Vincent, "Switzerland at the beginning of the 16th Cen-
tury," Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies, Ser. xxii, no. 5.
Dandliker. History of Switzerland, 37-62. Jackson,
Zwingli, introductory ch. on Switzerland by Vincent.
(3) Zwingli's early life and his preparation for his work.
Jackson, Huldreich Zwingli, any of chs. i-v. Simpson,
Life of Ulrich Zivingli, any of chs. i-v. Schaff, His-
tory of the Christian Church, VII, ch. ii.
(4) The Conference between Luther and Zwingli at Marburg.
Lindsay, Reformation, I, 347-363. Kostlin, Luther, 373-398.
Schafif, History of the Christian Church, VI, 620-650.
Simpson, Ulrich Zwingli, ch. vii.
§ 43. John Calvin (1509-1564) and the Genevan Reformation.
(Lecture)
a. Calvin's life to 1536:
ancestry and environment; comparison with Luther and
Zwingli; character; threefold education; the Institutes of
the Christian Religion.
b. Geneva before Calvin :
threefold government of prince-bishop, vidomnc (Savoy,
1290-1525), and commune; withdrawal of Duke of Sa-
voy, 1525, and of bishop, 1534; introduction of Reforma-
tion : influence of Bern ; government and temper of Ge-
neva at Calvin's arrival, 1536.
c. Geneva and Calvin after 1536:
Calvin's programme for a Puritan State in Geneva
(creed, catechism, discipline of morals, an organic
church, the "Word of God" as a constitution, university
education, the unflinching temper) ; exile of Farel and
48
Calvin, 1538; domestic and foreign troubles of Geneva
and recall of Calvin, 1541 ; Consistory and system of
discipline and excommunication; prosecution of heresy;
struggles and triumphs of Calvin ; institutions estab-
lished by him; change in the temper of Geneva; limita-
tions of Calvinism.
d. The influencfc of Calvin and Geneva :
Geneva a Protestant centre; the personal influence of
Calvin and his successor Beza ; how the ideas of Calvin
and Geneva spread into France, Germany, Holland, Eng-
land, Scotland, and America; the contribution of Calvin
and Geneva to political, social, and economic progress.
*Seebohm, 195-199, and *reading on one of the following topics.
Students who can find the time to do so are strongly urged to
read topic (1) for this exercise and an additional topic for §44.
Topics for reading
(1) Selections from Calvin's works.
Robinson, Readings, II, 122-134. Pcnn. Rcfrinfs, III, no.
3, 7-14 (same in the volume on the Reformation).
Hart, American History told by Contemporaries, I, 324-
33'0. Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Bk. I,
ch. xvi (Providence) ; or Bk. II, ch. viii, §§28-34 (Sun-
day) ; or Bk. HI, ch. x, "How to use the present life
and its comforts"; or Bk. IV, ch. x, §1-10 (Con-
science) ; or Bk. IV, ch. xx. §8-21, 29-32, "of Civil Gov-
ernment."
(2) Geneva before Calvin.
Foster, American Historical Review, VIII, 217-240 (Jan.
1903), "Geneva before Calvin, the Antecedents of a
Puritan State." Walker, John Calvin, the Organizer
of Reformed Protestantism, ch. vii.
(3) Calvin's Programme for Geneva.
Walker, Calvin, ch. viii. Foster, Harvard Theological Rc-
viezv, I, 391-434 (Oct. 1908), "Calvin's Programme for
a Puritan State in Geneva, 1536-1541." Lindsay, Re-
formation, IL 102-124.
(4) The Consistory and discipline of morals.
Walker, Calvin, 270-274, 281-284, 297-304, 338-340, 344-345.
Schaff, History of the Christian Church, VII, 480-494.
49
(5) Calvin and Servetus.
Walker, Calvin, ch. xii. Emerton. Harvard Theological
Review, II, 139-160 (April 1909). "Calvin and Serve-
tus." Schaff, History of the Christian Church, VII, ch.
xvi.
(6) General Accounts of Calvin and the Genevan Reformation.
Fisher, Reformation, 192-241. Ranke, History of France,
I, ch. viii. "Glance at the Reformation in Geneva."
Walker, Reformation, 235-276. Moeller, History of the
Christian Church. Ill, 174-187. Lavisse et Rambaud,
Histoirc Generate, IV, 506-526. Cambridge Modern
History, II, ch. xi. Lansdale, Century Magazine, vol.
78, 454-464 (July 1909), "The Human Side of Calvin."
The best brief life of Calvin is by Walker (1906). The
most complete life is by Doumergue, Jean Cak'in: les
hommes et les clwscs de son temps. 5 vols., elaborately
illustrated (1902—).
§ 44. Recitation on *§§ 42-43; *Shepherd, 91. 114-115, 116
(lower map) ; *reading on at least one topic under § 43.
§ 45. The Reformation in France. (Recitation)
a. The beginnings of the Reformation in France: Lefevre:
Margaret of Angouleme, Queen of Navarre.
b. Attitude of Francis I, the Sorbonne, and Henry II toward
the Reformers
c. Political leaders and parties in 1560; their influence upon
the Reformation.
d. The religious wars from the Massacre of \'assy, 1562, to
the Edict of Nantes. 1598.
e. Comparison of the Reformation in France with the Refor-
mation in other countries.
*Robinson, 451-458; *Shepherd, 118; and *reading on one of the
following topics.
Topics for reading
(1) Environment and early life of Coligny.
Besant, Gas par d de Coligny, 25-48.
(2) The influence of Calvin in France and the organization of
the French Protestant Church.
Lindsay, History of the Reformation. II, 153-161. 164-169.
Walker, Calvin, 380-388.
50
(3) The massacre of St. Bartholomew.
Besant, Gaspard de Coligiiy. 197-218. Baird, Rise of the
Huguenots in France, II, in ch. xviii. Acton, The His-
tory of Freedom and Other Essays in ch. iv (the view
of a modern English Roman Catholic). Ranke, History
of France, II, ch. xv (latter part).
(4) Henry IV and the Edict of Nantes.
Cambridge Modern History, III, 657-663, 675-677. La-
visse et Rambaud, Histoire Generate, V, 273-277, 281-288.
(5) General accounts of the Reformation in France.
Willert, Henry of Navarre, 1-23. Cambridge Modern
History, II, in ch. ix. Guizot, Concise History of
France, 270-288. Adams, Groivth of the French Nation,
164-179. Johnson, Europe in the Sixteenth Century, 387-
405. Moeller, History of the Christian Church, I, 190-
195, 323-329. Hausser. Reformation. 349-362, 369-374.
Walker, Reformation. 225-232, 408-416. 423-432.
A SYLLABUS
OF
EUROPEAN HISTORY
378-1900
FOURTH EDITION
PART IL— 1600-1900
BY
HERBERT DARLING FOSTER
AND
SIDNEY BRADSHAW HAY
PROFESSORS OF HISTORY IN DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
Published by the Department of History of Dartmouth College
1912
For Sale by E. P. Storrs, Hanover, N. H,
Copyright, 1912,
By H. D. Foster and S. B. Fay
All Rights Reserved
PREFACE
This syllabus is not intended in any way as a substitute for a
text-book or note-book. It is merely an outline indicating the
work to be done in the Second Semester (History 2), so divided
as to fall into 45 sections. Each section (§) represents an ex-
ercise, either a lecture, or a recitation, as indicated. The asterisk
(*) indicates required work in every case. The references for
reading are not exhaustive. For a bibliography of the more
detailed works, especially those in F"rench and German, refer-
ence should be made to the bibliographies at the end of the
chapters in Robinson, Readings in European History, vol. II ; at
the end of the volumes in the Cambridge Modern History; at the
end of the chapters in Lavisse ct Rambaud, Histoire Generate; in
Stephens' Syllabus of Sy Lectures in European History; to Monod,
Bibiiographie de I'Histoire de France; and to Dahlnuum-Waitz.
Quellenkunde der Deutschen Gcschichte. (7th ed. 1906.)
In the hope that students will be interested to buy some books
in addition to the text-books, and thus form for themselves the
nucleus of an historical library, there is added a short list of those
books to which reading references will most frequently be given.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EUROPEAN HISTORY
Part II.- 1600- 1900
SOURCES
Robinson, James Harvey, Rcadiiigs in European History, Vol.
II. Boston, 1906. [Ginn, $1.50.1
Translations and Reprints fro)n the Original Sources of European
History. Published by the Department of History of the
University of Pennsylvania. 6 vols. Philadelphia, 1894-99;
new series, vols. I-IV. [Single numbers sold separately, 15 to
25 cents each.]
MODERN WORKS
Cambridge Modern History. 14 vols. New York. 1902-1912. [The
Macmillan Co., $4.00 each.]
Carlyle, Thomas, History of Eriedrich // of Prussia, called Fred-
erick the Great. 5 vols. London, 1903. [Chapman & Hall,
2s. 6d. each.]
Fyffe, C. A., History of Modern Europe. 1702-1S/S. 3 vols, in
one. New York,' 1896. [Holt, $2.75.]
Gardiner, S. R., The Thirty Year.<;' War. 161S-16-1S. London. 1893.
(Epochs of Modern History.) [Longmans, Green & Co..
$i.ai]
Green, J. R., Short History of the English People. New York,
1875. [The American Book Co., $1.20.]
Hassall, Arthur, Eouis XIV. New York, 1899. (Heroes of the
Nations.) [Putnam, $1.50.]
Hazen, C. D., Europe since 1ST5.. New York, 1911. [Holt, $3.00.]
Henderson, E. F., // Short History of Germany. 2 vols, in one.
New York, 1906. [The Macmillan Co., $2,50.]
Johnston, R. M., Napoleon. New York, 1904. [A. S. Barnes,
$1.00.]
Kitchin, G. W., History of France. 3 vols. 4th edition. Oxford,
1899. [Clarendon Press, $2.60 each.]
56
Lavisse, Ernest, et Rambaud, Alfred, Histoirc Gcncralc dn IV c
Sicclc a Nns Jours. Vols. 6-12. Pans, 1896-1901. [Colin et
Cic, 12 fr. each.]
Lindsay, Thomas M., A History of the Reformation. Vol. II,
The Reformation in the Lands Beyond Germany. New York,
1907. [Scribncrs, $2.50.1
Longman, F. W., Frederick the Great and the Seven Years War.
New York, 1898. (Epochs of Modern History.) [Longmans,
Green & Co., $1.00.1
Lowell, E. J., Eve of the French Revolution. Boston. 1895.
[Houshton. Mifflin & Co., $2.m.l
Macaulay, T. B., An Essay on Frederick the Great. New York,
1893. ( English Classics Series.) [Charles E. Merrill Co.,
25 cents. 1
Mahan, A. T., Influence of Sea Fowcr upon History. T660-I/S3.
Boston, 1890. [Little, Brown & Co., $4.00.]
Mathews, S., The French Revolution. New York, 1901. [Long-
mans, Green & Co., $1.25.1
Motley, J. L., Feter the Great. New York, 1893. [Charles E.
Merrill Co., 25 cents.]
Motley, J. L., Rise of the Dutch Republic. 3 vols. New York,
1856. [Harper: also edition in 2 vols., A. L. Bnrt Co.,
$2.50 net.]
Perkins, J. B., France under the Regency. Boston and New
York, 1892. [Houghton, Mifflin cS: Co., $2.00.]
Perkins, J. B., Richelieu and the Groivth of French Pozver. New
York, 1900. (Heroes of the Nations.) [Putnam, $1.50.]
Ploetz, Cav\, Epitome of Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern History.
Boston, 1905. [Houghton, Mifflin & Co., $3.00.]
Ranke, Leopold, History of the Reformation in Germany. 3 vols.
London, n. d. [Longmans, Green & Co., 48s.]
*Robinson, James Harvey, Hitroduction to the History of IVcst-
crn Eumpc. Boston, 1903. [Ginn, $1.60.]
*Robinson, J. H., and Beard, C. A., Tlie Development of Modern
F.uropc. Vol. II. Boston, 1908. [Ginn, $1.60.]
Rose, J. H., Tlie Life of Napoleon L 2 vols, in one. New York,
1901. [The Macmillan Co.. $3.(K).]
*Seebohm, Frederic, Era of the Protestant Revolution. New
Impression. New York, 1911. (Epochs of Modern History.)
[Longmans, Green & Co., $1.00.]
57
Seeley, J. R., Expansion of England. London, 1883. [The Mac-
millan Co., 5s. 1
Seignobos, Charles, A Political History of Europe since 1S14.
New York, 1899. [Holt, $3.00.]
*Shepherd, W. R., Historical Atlas. New York, 1911. [Holt,
$2.50.]
Wakeman, H. O., The Ascendancy of France. (Periods of Euro-
pean History.) Xew York, 1894. [The Macmillan Co., $1.40.]
Walker, Williston, The Reforniatioii. (Ten Epochs of Church
History.) New York, 1900. [Scribner, $2.(X).]
Willert, P. F., Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots in France.
New York, 19(X). (Heroes of the Nations.) [Putnam, $1.50.]
*Required te.xt-books.
OUTLINE
Chapter I. The Counter Reformation and the Wars of
Religion
§ 1. Lecture. The Reform within the Roman Catholic Church;
the Jesuits and the Council of Trent.
§ 2. Lecture. Philip II of Spain and the Revolt of the Nether-
lands. (1st reading)
§ 3. Recitation. (2nd reading)
§ 4. Recitation. Henry VIII (1509-1547), and the Reformation
in England.
§ 5. Recitation. England under Edward VI, Mary, and Eliza-
beth, 1547-1603. (3rd reading)
§ 6. Recitation. The Struggle in England for Constitutional
Government, 1603-1688.
§ 7. Lecture. The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648.
§ 8. Recitation. (4th reading)
Chapter II. The Ascendancy of France in the 17th Century
§ 9. Lecture. Growth of the Power of the French Monarchy
under Henry IV and Louis XIII.
§ 10. Recitation. (5th reading)
§ U. Lecture. The Absolute Monarchy of Louis XIV, 1643-
1715; I. Louis' Wars and Foreign Policy.
§ 12. Recitation.
§ 13. Recitation. The Absolute Monarchy of Louis XIV, 1643-
1715; II. France under Louis XIV. ((»th reading)
§ 14. Written Hour E.xamination.
Chapter III. The Rise of Russia and Prussia; the Expansion
of England
§ 15. Recitation. The Rise of the Russian Empire, to 1725. (7th
reading)
§ 16. Lecture. The Rise of Prussia, to 1740. (Hth reading)
§ 17. Lecture. Prussia under Frederick the Great, 1740-1786.
(9th reading)
§ 18. Recitation.
§ 19. Recitation. The E.xpansion of England to the Close of the
18th Century. ( 10th reading)
60
Chapter TV. The French Revolution and Napoleon
§
20.
§
21.
s
22.
§
23.
§
24.
§
25.
§
26.
§
27.
§
28.
§
29.
s
30.
Recitation. The Eve of the French Revohition. (11th
reading)
Recitation. The Beginning of the French Revohition, 1789-
1791. (Alternate 11th reading)
Lecture. The Attempt at Constitutional Monarchy, 1791-
1792.
Recitation. (12th reading)
Recitation. The First French Repulilic, 1792-1795.
Recitation. Napoleon Bonaparte, to 18<)1. (13th reading)
Lecture. Napoleon and Europe, 1801-1815.
Recitation. ( 14th reading)
Lecture. Reconstruction of Europe at the Congress of
Vienna, 1814-1815.
Recitation. (15th reading)
Written Hour Examination.
Chapter V. Progrk.-^s of Europe Since 1815
§ 31.
§ 32.
S 33.
§ 34.
§ 35.
^ 36.
i^ 37.
§ 38.
S 39.
§ 40.
§ 41.
S 42.
§ 43.
§ 44.
§ 45.
Recitation.
Recitation.
France
Recitation.
Recitation.
Europe after the Congress of Vienna.
The Industrial Revolution in England and
The Revolutions of 1848 in France.
The Ivevolutions of 1848 outside France.
Recitation. The Unification of Italy.
Recitation. The Formation of the German Empire and the
Founding of Austria-Hungary.
Recitation. The German Empire since 1871.
Recitation. France under the Third Repuhlic since 1870.
Recitation. The Expansion of the British Empire in the
19th Century.
Lecture. TItc Russian Empire in the 19th Century.
Recitation. Tlie Struggle for Lilierty in Russia under
Nicholas 11, 1894—.
Recitation. Turkey and the Eastern Question.
Recitation. The Expansion of Europe in Asia.
Recitation. The Expansion of Europe in Asia and Africa.
Recitation. Some of the Great Prohlems of Today.
SYLLABUS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY
Part 11 — 1600-1900
Ch. I. The Counter Reformation and the Wars of Religion
§ 1. The Reform within the Roman Catholic Church; the
Jesuits and the Council of Trent. (Lecture)
a. Recognition by Catholics of need of reform :
movement for reform and attempts at reconciliation with
Protestants; the Conference at Regensburg (Ratisbon),
1541 ; reasons for its failure.
b. The Jesuits, 1540-1773'; 1814 :
the early life, training and character of Ignatius Loyola;
foundation of the Society of Jesus, 1540; its objects and
methods ; the services of Jesuits as educators, missiona-
ries, explorers, and statesmen; political and moral objec-
tions brought against the Jesuits ; national exclusions ; pa-
pal suspension of the order, 177,3; comparison of Jesuits
and Calvinists.
c. The Council of Trent, 1545-156,3:
parties; triumph of the Jesuits; reaction in dogma; re-
forms in discipline ; effect on the Roman Catholic Church :
spread of the Counter Reformation.
d. The Inquisition and the Index.
*Seebohm, 199-208; 212-231 on the "General Results of the Era
of the Protestant Revolution." A reading on one of the following
topics will be required under §2.
*NoTE. — Each section (§) represents an exercise, cither a lec-
ture or recitation, as indicated. The asterisk (*) indicates required
work, which may be tested by written quiz at any lecture. The
atlas should be used regularly in preparation, arul, when marked
with an asterisk, should be brought to all recitations.
62
Topics for reading
(1) Life of Loyola.
Lindsaj', Reformation, H, 525-549. Ranke, History of
the Popes, Bk. H, §4. Synionds, Renaissance in Italy,
(The Catholic Reaction), ch. iv (first part). Hughes,
Loyola, chs. ii, iii. TJic Autobiography of St. Ignatius
Loyola.
(2) The organization and power of the Jesuits.
Lindsay, Reformation, II, 549-563, 606-611. Cambridge
Modern History, II, 652-659. Ranke, History of the
Popes, Bk. II, §7. Alzog, Manual of Church History,
III, 373-385. Walker, Reformation, 375-392.
(3) Jesuit schools and scholars.
Hughes, Loyola, chs. iv, v. Janssen, History of the Ger-
man People, VIII, 231-249 (Canisius); or IX, 313-347.
(4) Jesuits as explorers and missionaries.
Parkman, Pioneers of France in the Nezv World, ch. v or
vi. Parkman, Jesuits in North America, chs. ii, xviii.
(5) The Expulsion of the Jesuits from France.
Perkins, Prance under Louis XJ', II, ch. xvii.
(6) The Council of Trent.
Lindsay, Reformation, II, 564-596. Ward, The Coun-
ter Reformation, ch. iii. Hausscr, Reformation, 258-
264. Robinson, Readings, II, 156-161. Harnack, His-
tory of Dogma, VII, 35-72. Lavisse et Ranil)aud, His-
toire Generate, IV, 1-26. Symonds, Renaissance in
Holy {The Catholic Reaction), ch. ii. Alzog, Church
History, III, 340-360. Janssen, History of the German
People, VII, 234-272; or VIII, 252-274. Sarpi. History
of the Council of Trent.
(7) The Papal Inquisition and the Index.
Lindsay, Reformation, II, 597-606. Symonds, Renais-
sance in Haly {The Catholic Reaction), ch. iii. Ranke,
History of the Popes, in Bk. II. Putnam, The Cen-
sorship of the Church of Ro)ne, I, 116-139.
63
§ 2. Philip II of Spain and the Revolt of the Netherlands.
(Lecture)
a. Philip II. 1S56-1598:
character ; territories ; life task ; the Spanish Inquisition ;
Philip the champion of the Roman Catholic Reaction.
b. The Netherlands :
political, social, and economic conditions in the Nether-
lands at the accession of Philip II, 1556; differences be-
tween the northern and the southern provinces : com-
parison of antagonists, — Philip and the Dutch.
c. The revolt of the Netherlands, 1568-1648.
(1) Causes of the revolt:
the political and religious grievances of the Nether-
lands ; protests ; insurrection ; Alva and the "Council
of Blood" ; taxes ; the threefold cause of the revolt.
(2) The revolt to the death of William the Silent :
failure of William and Louis of Nassau, 1568; the
Sea Beggars and the capture of Brille, 1572; the effect
of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew in the Nether-
lands; siege of Haarlem and Leyden, 1573-1574; sack
of Antwerp; Pacification of Ghent, 1576; Union of
Utrecht and formation of Dutch Republic, 1579; dec-
laration of independence ; assassination of Willian the
Silent, 1584; his character and work.
(3) Later history of the revolt:
Maurice of Nassau ; Queen Elizabeth's attitude ; the
Armada, 1588; the Twelve Years' Truce, 1609; re-
newal of the war, 1621 ; recognition of independence,
1648 ; reasons for Dutch success ; direct and indirect
results of the "Eighty Years' War of Liberation,"
1568-1648.
*Robinson, 444-451, and *rcading on one of the topics under § 1.
§3. Recitation on *§§l-2; *Shepherd 107-110 (Spanish and
Portuguese colonies), 116 (lower map), 117; *reading
on one of the following topics
Topics for reading
(1) Philip II.
Hume. Spain, its Greatness and Decay, ch. iii or v.
Hume, in Cambridge Modern History, III, ch. xv.
"Spain under Philip II." Hume, Pliilif^ II of Strain,
l-() and ch. xviii. Lea, "Ethical Values in History,"
.lincriatii Historical Rcz'icz^'. IX, 233-246 (Jan., 1904).
The older view of Philip in Motley, Rise of the Dutch
Republic. Part H, ch. ii, and History of the United
Netherlands, heyinning of ch. i. Rogers, Story of Hol-
land, compare ch. xiii, "The Last Years of William the
Silent," with ch. xiv, "The Projects of Philip."
(2) The Spanish Liquisition.
Lea, .-] History of the Hujitisition of Spain (the stand-
ard work on this subject), II, 465-484, "The Inquisito-
rial Process": II, 535-568, "Evidence"; III, 1-35, "Tor-
ture"; HI, 36-92, "The Trial"; HI, 209-229, "The Auto
cle Ee" ; or IV, 504-534 (influence of the inquisition).
Lea. llie I mjuisitiou in the Spanish Dependencies. 299-
317, "The Philippines." Motley, Rise of the Dutch Re-
puldic. Part II, ch. iii.
(3) Political, social, and econumic conditions in the Nether-
lands before the Revolt.
Blok, History of the People of the Netherlands, H, ch.
xi, "Ecclesiastical Conditions," ch. xii, "Connnerce and
Industry," or ch. xiii, "City and Country." Lindsay,
Reforniation. II, 224-2.54. Prescott, Philip II. Bk. II,
ch. i ( first half).
(4) William the Silent.
Motley, Rise of the Dutch Reputilic, Part VI, ch. vi.
Putnam, IVilliani the Silent. Lindsay, Reformation. 11,
254-270. Harrison, Williani the Silent, 208-211 and ch.
xii.
(5) The Siege of Leyden.
Motley, Rise of the Dutch Ref^uhlic. Part IV, ch. ii.
(6) General accounts of the re\olt of the Netherlands.
Robinson, Readings. II, 168-179. Eisher. Reformation.
ch. ix. Walker, Reformation, 416-430. Creighton,
.-Ige of Elizabeth. 90-101, 115-125, 149-158. Hausser,
Reforniation, chs. xxii-xxiv. Cambrid<jc Modern His-
tory. HI, ch. vi. vii, or xix. Johnson. Europe in the
Sixteenth Century, ch. viii (first part).
65
§ 4. Henry VIII (1509-1547), and the Reformation in Eng-
land. (Recitation)
a. Henry VIII's marriage with Catharine of Aragon ; his for-
eign policy.
b. The rise and fall of Wulsey.
c. The divorce case of Catharine of Aragon.
d. The Act of Supremacy, 1534, antl the peculiar character of
the English Reformation.
e. The character and death of Sir Thomas More.
/. Thomas Cromwell and the (hssolution of the monasteries.
g. Henry VIH's character.
*Seebohm, 167-194.
Optional reading on one of the following topics.
Topics for reading
(1) Sir Thomas More.
More, Utopia. Roper, Life of More (also prelixed to
Lumby's edition of the Utopia ; Roper was More's son-
in-law). Peiiii. Reprints. I, no. 1. S-lO. Green, Short
History of the English People, ch. VI, sect. 4 (latter
part).
(2) Erasmus.
Whitcomb, Source Book of the Gcriiiaii Rejiaissancc, 47-
62 (two colloquies of Erasmus). Erasmus, Praise of
Folly (extracts in Robinson, Readiiu/s, II, 41-46). See-
bohm, Oxford Reformers, 186-205. Emerton. Dcsiderius
Erasmus, ch. v (illustrated).
§ 5. England under Edward VI, Mary, and Elizabeth,
1547-1603. (Recitation)
a. Protestantism under Edward VI. 1547-155vl
b. The Catholic Reaction under Mary Tudor, 1553-1558.
c. England under Elizabeth, 1558-1603'.
(1) The settlement of the church question.
(2) Elizabeth's foreign policy, — relations with Scotland, the
Netherlands, and Spain.
(3) Elizabeth's character, and her services to England.
*Robinson. 434-436, 458-464; *reading on one of the following
topics.
66
Topics for reading
(1) Elizabeth
Creighton, The Aye of Elizabeth, 128-148, "Elizabeth and
Home x-\ffairs" ; "Elizabeth's Court and Ministers."
Green, Short History of the Emjlish Peol^e, ch. vii,
seet. 3, "Elizabeth, 1558-1560." Lindsaj-, Reformation,
II, 385-420, "The Settlement under Elizabeth." Beesly,
Elizabeth, ch. xi, "Domestic Affairs": ch. xii, "Last
Years and Death." Channing, History of the United
States, 1, ch. v, "The English Seamen." Sidney Lee, in
Cambridge Modern History, III, 328-363, "The Last
Years of Elizabeth." Jessopp, in Dictionary of Mational
Biography, article on Elizabeth.
(2) Drake's Voyage around the World. 1577-1580 (see Shep-
herd, 107-110).
Sources. — The contemporary narrative by I'Vancis Pretty
is in Hakluyt, Voyages, XI, 101-132, (11 vol. ed., 1904).
Same reprinted with modernized spelling in Payne,
I'oyages of the Elizabethan Seamen, 145-169. Selec-
tions in Hart, American History told by Contempora-
ries, I, 81-88; and in Lee, Source Bonk of English His-
tory, 319-325.
Modern Works. — A full account of Drake's Voyage is in
Corbett, Drake and the Tudor Navy, I, chs. viii-x.
Froude, History of England, XI, 395-421. Froude, Eng-
lish Seamen in the Sixteenth Century, Lect. iv.
(3) The Spanish Armada (see Shepherd, 118-119).
Green, Short History of the English People, ch. vii, sect.
6, "The Armada, 1572-1588." Laughton, in Cambridge
Modern History, III, 3(^)2-316. Channing, History of
the United States, I, 130-140, 142, note iv. Motley,
History of the United Netherlands, II, ch. xix. A full
account is in Corbett, Drake and the Tudor Navy, II,
see especiall\' ch. vi, "The Fleets in Contact."
(4) The England of Elizabeth.
Sources. — Harrison, Elizabethan England, (ed. With-
ington, from Harrison's "Description of F.ngland," in
Holinshed, Chronicles.) ch. vii, "Of the food and diet
of the English": ch. ix, "Of the manner of building and
furniture of our houses" : ch. .xxiv, "Of the sundrv
67
kinds of punishment appointed for offenders" ; ch. vi,
"Of the ancient antl present estate of the Churcli of
Enghind" ; or ch. xxv, "Of universities." Extracts from
Harrison in Hart, .lincricaii History told by Contem-
poraries, I, 145-152.
Modern Woiw<s. — Creighton, Tlic Age of Elizabeth, 199-
226, "English Life in Elizabeth's Reign," "Elizabethan
Literature." Green, Short History of the English Peo-
ple, ch. vii, sect. 5, "The England of Elizabeth."
Optional reading, historical novel: Kingsley, Westward, Ho!
§ 6. The struggle in England for Constitutional Government,
1603-1688. (Recitation)
a. James 1, 1603-1625, — idea of the divine right of kings, for-
eign polic3^
b. Charles I, 1625-1649:
his disagreement with Parliament and the Puritans; at-
tempts at personal government ; the Civil War ; execution
of Charles I.
c. Oliver Cromwell ; Commonwealth and Protectorate.
d. The Restoration, 1660; reigns of Charles 11 and James II.
e. The Revolution of 1688; the accession of William HI.
*Robinson, ch. xxx. Optional reading on one of the following
topics.
Topics for reading
(1) The origin and nature of the English Puritans.
Gardiner, Puritan Revolution, 1-6, 13-17; compare with
Firth, Oliver Cromwell and the Rule of the Puritans in
England, 10-11.
(2) Puritan opposition to arbitrary government.
Channing, History of the United Slates, I, ch. x. "The
Beginnings of New England." Gardiner. Cromwell's
Place in History, Lect. i, "The Puritan and Constitu-
tional Opposition." Borgeaud, Rise of Modern Democ-
racy in Old and New England, ch. i, "Puritanism and
the English Revolution." ■ Morley, Cromwell, 42-60,
"Puritanism and the Double Issue." Gardiner, Oliver
Cromivell, 7-26. Robinson, Readings, II, 218-239.
68
(3) Oliver Cromwell.
Carlyle, Oliver CroniwcU's Letters and Speeches, Let-
ters 29 (battle of Naseby) and 140 (battle of Dunbar);
Speech V (to Parliament, 1656) ; Carlyle's account of
the death of the Protector. In Centenary ed. 1899, I,
214-215 (Naseby); II, 209-219 (Dunbar); III, 292-
310 (latter part of speech to Parliament, 1656) ;
IV, 194-208 (Carlyle's account of the death of the
'Protector). In 3d ed., 1850: III, 51-61 (Dunbar); IV,
122-144 (speech to Parliament); IV, 389-403 (death of
the Protector). Gardiner, Croiinvcll's Place in History,
Lect. vi. Carlyle, Heroes and Hero-lVorsliip, Lect. vi,
"The Hero as King. Cromwell." Firth, Cronvwell. ch.
xxiii. Morley, Cronnvell. 1-6, 461-472.
§ 7. The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648. (Lecture)
a. Causes of the Thirty Years' War.
b. The Bohemian and Palatinate period, 1618-1623:
the Bohemian revolution; battle of White Mountain, 1620;
the fate of Bohemia and of the "Winter King."
c. The Danish period, 1625-1629:
interests of Denmark in the Thirty Years' War ; the Em-
peror's critical position in 1626; rise of Wallenstein ;
siege of Stralsund, 1628; the Edict of Restitution. 1629;
Wallenstein's enemies and his dismissal. 1630.
d. The Swedish period, 1630-1635 :
Gustavus Adolphus as champion of Protestantism ; bat-
tle of Breitenfeld, 1631, and Gustavus' advance into
Southern Germany ; reappearance of Wallenstein ; bat-
tle of Liitzen, 1632 ; Wallenstein's intrigues and assassi-
nation, 1634; the Peace of Prag, 1635.
<?. The Swedish-French period, 1635-1648:
Richelieu's interference in the Thirty Years' War; uni-
versal longing for peace ; the obstacles to a settlement.
/. The Peace of Westphalia, 1648:
the religious settlement; the territorial changes (Bava-
ria, Palatinatei, Sweden, Brandenburg, Saxony, ecclesi-
astical lands, France, United Netherlands, Switzerland) ;
the constitutional changes in the Empire ; social and eco-
nomic results of the war.
*Robinson, ch. xxix.
69
Topics for reading
(1) Henry IV's plan to aid Protestants in Germany in 1610.
Willert, Henry of Navarre, 428-453.
(2) The causes of the Thirty Years' War.
Henderson, Short History of Germany. T, ch. xvii. Gar-
diner, The Thirty Years' War. 1-30. Gardiner, His-
tory of England from the Accession of James I to the
Outbreak of the Civil War. Ill, ch. xxix.
(3) Gustavus Adolphus in Germany.
Gardiner, Thirty Years' War, 136-162. Hausser, Refor-
mation, 458-482. Gindely, History of the Thirty Years'
War, II, 39-46, 73-85, 139-147. Cambridge Modern His-
tory, IV, ch. vi.
(4) The Battle of Breitenfeld.
Dodge, Gustavus Adolphus. chs. xix, xx (an account by
a military critic). Fletcher. Gustavus Adolphus. ch. xi.
(5) The career of Wallenstein.
Henderson, Short History of Germany. I, 457-484. Gin-
dely, History of the Thirty Years' War, II, 159-188.
Wakeman, Europe, 159S-1715, 69-81, 95-104. Schiller's
Wallenstein is an interesting historical drama dealing
with this subject.
(6) The effects of the war on Germany.
Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, oh. on "The Peace of West-
phalia : Last Stage in the Decline of the Empire."
Trench, Gustavus Adolphus, Lect. iii, or iv. Gardiner.
Thirty Years' War, 209-216. Cambridge Modern His-
tory. IV, 410-425.
(7) General accounts of the Thirty Years' War.
Walker, Reformation, 439-461. Robinson, Readings, II.
200-216. Perkins. Richelieu, ch. vii.
§ 8. Recitation on *^7; *reading on one of the topics under
§7; and *Shepherd, 121 (upper map and lower left-
hand map), 122-123
70
Ch. II. The Ascendancy of Fkance in the 17th Century
§ 9. Growth of the Power of the French Monarchy under
Henry IV and Louis XIII. (Lecture)
a. Henry IV, 1589-161U:
leadership of the Huguenots; fight for the crown (Ivry) ;
acceptance of Catholicism; Edict of Nantes and Treaty
of Vervins, 1598; internal policy of Henry IV and Sully;
foreign policy; assassination of Henry; his character and
influence on the French Monarchy.
b. Louis XllI (161()-1(H3) and Richelieu.
( 1 ) Regency of Marie de" Medici and the favorites ; States-
General, 1614.
(2) Richelieu's character: relations with Louis XIII; fun-
damental aims of his policy for France.
(3) Richelieu's administration:
revolt of the Huguenots; siege of La Rochelle, 1627-8;
his treatment of the Huguenots ; the nobles ; the iiitcii-
daiits; centralization of power in the hands of the
crown ; defects of Richelieu's administration ; imme-
diate and later results of his administration to F>ance.
*Out]ine map showing the names and boundaries of Spain, Span-
ish Netherlands, United Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Bavaria,
Palatinate, Bohemia, Saxony, Brandenburg, and Duchy of Prus-
sia, after 1648, and indicating also the territorial changes effected
by the Peace of Westphalia. See *Shepherd, 121 (upper map and
lower left-hand map), 122-123, 126; compare also 118-119.
Topics for rcadiiuj
(1) The religious settlement under Henry IV.
Baird, The Hinjucnots and Henry of Xaz'arrc, II, ch. xiv
(latter part). Canibridijc Modem Histnry, HI, 657-660,
675-677. Willert, Henry of Navarre, 328-346.
(2) Tile reforms of Henry IV and the Duke of Sully (Max-
iniiiian de Bethune, Baron de Rosny).
Willert, Henry of Navarre. 347-368. Lavisse et Ram-
baud, Histoirc Gencrale. V, 3\3-3i23. Sully, Memoirs,
in Bks. xii and xiii on coins and commerce (vol. II,
71
406-417, 521-527) ; or Bk. xvi, latter part on manufac-
tures and colonies (vol. Ill, 177-186) ; or Bks. xxiv-
xxvi on taxation and finance (vol. IV, 178-194, 265-273,
320-326). Kitchin, History of France, II, 450-465.
(3) Character of Henry IV.
Willcrt, Henry of Navarre, in chs. v, vi, or i.x. Guizot,
Pofular History of France, in ch. xxxvi.
(4) Richelieu's treatment of the Huguenots.
Perkins, Richelieu, ch. iv. Baird, The Huguenots and
the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, I, ch. vi (latter
part). Kitchin, History of France, III, 14-30. Gar-
diner, History of England from the Accession of James
I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, VI, in ch. Ix (the
Duke of Buckingham's attempt to relieve La Rochelle),
or in ch. l.xv (the assassination of Buckingham and
the fall of La Rochelle).
(5) Richelieu's administration.
Wakeman, Europe, 1598-1715, 132-153. Lodge, Richelieu,
ch. viii. Perkins, Richelieu, ch. i.x (especially latter
part). Cambridge Modern History, IV, 128-137, 152-
157. Lavissc et Rambaud, Histoire Generate. V, 347-
360, 372-3'.
(6) General accounts.
Adams, Growth of the French Nation, 177-201. Guizot,
Concise History of France, ch. ix or .x.
§ 10. Recitation on * S 9 and ^reading on at least one topic
under § 9
§ 11. The Absolute Monarchy of Louis XIV, 1643-1715:
I. Louis' Wars and Foreign Policy. (Lecture)
a. Louis XIV's minority. 1643-1661 :
Mazarin chief minister, — his task; the Parlenient of Paris
and the Wars of the Frondes.
b. France at Louis' accession in 1661 :
extent of French territory after the gains at Treaty of
Westphalia (1648) and the Peace of the Pyrenees
(1659) ; Louis' ambitions.
c. Louis' wars and aggressions, 1667-1713.
(1) Attempt to annex the Spanish Netherlands, and its
results.
72
(2) The war against the Dutch, 1672-1678; acquisition of
I-'ranche Comte, 1678; occupation of Strasburg and
Lorraine: Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 1685.
(3) War of the League of Augsburg', 1689-1697:
causes of the war; members of the League; Louis'
mistake; part played l)y William III of Orange;
Treaty of 1697.
(4) War of the Spanish Succession, 1702-1713:
the question of the Spanish succession in 17(K); the
Grand y\lliance ; English victories ; Treaty of Utrecht,
1713, — losses of France and Spain, gains of England,
Austria, and Savoy ; colonial questions.
d. France at the close of Louis' reign :
exhaustion of France m 1715; results to France of Louis'
policy.
I The War of the League of Augsburg is the first war in the so-called "Second
Hundred Years' War between England and France." (See Seeley, /i'./7)r//isioH
of KiKiiiiiiil, Lecture ii.)
"The Second Hundred Years' War between England and France," 1689-181 5
In Europe In America
[il War of League of Augsburg 1689-1697 King William's War
[2] War of the Spanish Succession 1702-1713 Queen Anne's War
[3] War of the Austrian Succession 1740-174S King George's War, 1744-1748
[4] Seven Years' War 1756-1763 French and Indian War, 1754-1763
[5] American War 1775-1783 American Revolution
[6J War against the French Revo-
lution and Napoleon 1793-1802
[7I War against Napoleon 1803-18! 5 War of 1812 with Great Britain
*Robinson, ch. .xxxi. Optional reading on one of the topics
under § 13,
5^ 12. Recitation on *S11; *outline map showing important
changes in the French frontier 1601-1697, and the
principal states of Europe about 1740, including the
chief divisions of Italy; and *map-quiz on Shepherd,
126, 130-131, 133 (upper map, Treaty of Utrecht)
(Optional reading on any of the tojiics under v$ 13.
§ 13. The Absolute Monarchy of Louis XIV, 1643-1715;
II. France under Louis XIV. (Recitation)
a. Louis and his government:
Louis' personal characteristics ; his ideas of government ;
different attitude of English and French toward absolute
monarchv.
73
h'. Louis and his court:
Louis' position in France: Versailles and the court of
Louis XIV; art and literature in Louis' reign.
c. The work of Colbert, Controller-General, 1662-1683:
Colbert's financial reforms; his industrial and commer-
cial policy; the benefits and dangers of the Mercantile
System (see topic 4).
d. Louis' religious policy :
policy toward the Huguenots; Revocation of the Edict
of Nantes, 1685; results of the Revocation in France and
other lands.
*Reading on one of the topics below, and review of *Robinson
495-501 and 504-505.
Topic! for reading
(1) Louis XIV's character and abilities.
Perkins, France under the Regency, ch. v. Hassall, Louts
XIV, ch. iii. Martin, History of France, The Age of
Louis XIV, I, in ch. i.
(2) Court life at Versailles in the age of Louis XIV.
Perkins, France under the Regency, ch. v. Hassall,
Louis XIV, ch. xi. Taine, Ancient Regime, 86-90, 100-
109. Guizot, Popular History of France, ch. xlix. Par-
mentier. Album Historique, III, 127-146 (illustrated).
Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Gcncrale, VI, 178-220.
Martin, I, in ch. iii.
(3) Colbert's economic policy.
Wakeman, .Europe, J59^-J7i5, ch. ix. Perkins, France
under the Regency, ch. iv. Sargent, Colbert, chs. i, ii,
or V, vi. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generale, VI,
223-242. Grant, in Cambridge Modern History, V, 5-23.
Martin, History of France, The Age of Louis XIV. I,
in ch. ii. Stephens, Lectures on the History of France,
613-630, Lect. xxii.
(4) Advantages and disadvantages of the Mercantile System.
Schmollcr. Historical Significance of the Mercantile
System, 43-69.
(5) The government and commercial prosperity of the Dutch
Republic before the wars with France.
Wakeman, Europe, 159^-^715, 214-233. Blok, History of
the People of the Netherlands, III. 326-342. Lefevre-
Pontalis, John De Witt, I, in ch. i. Mahan, Influence
of Sea Power upon History, 1663-17S3, 50-74, 96-101.
74
(6) The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes; causes and effects.
Perkins, France under the Regency, ch. vi. Baird, The
HiKjucnots and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes,
II, cli. xii. Kitchin, History of France, III, 220-236.
Cambridge Modern History, V, 19-26. Lavisse ct Ram-
baud, Histoire General e, VI, 279-302. Martin, History
of France, The Age of Louis XIV, II, 30-56. Guizot,
Popuhir History of France, in ch. xlvii. fvolMnson,
Readings, II, 287-293.
(7) "The Second Hundred Years' War between England and
France."
Seeley, Hxpajision of Enghind, Lect. ii.
(S) Literature under Louis XIV.
Saintsbury, History of French Literature, Bk. Ill, ch. ii,
V, or vii. Van Laun, History of French Literature, II,
Bk. V, in ch. i. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Gencr-
ale. VI, 312-341. Martin, Flistory of France, The Age
of Louis XIJ', I, in ch. iii.
(9) The transplanting of feudalism to Canada.
Parkman, Ohi Regime in Canada, ch. xv.
(10) France at tlie close of the reign of Louis XIV.
Kitchin, History of France, III, 343-359. Perkins, France
under the Regency, ch. ix.
§ 14. Written hour examination on '■' i^S 1-13 (including lectures,
text-books, map work, reading, notes, recitations)
Ch, III. The Rise of Russia and Prussia; the Expansion of
England
§ 15. Rise of the Russian Empire to 1725. (Recitation)
a. Russia before Peter the Great :
Slavs, — subdivisions and settlements ; beginnings of Rus-
sia ; Norse conquest ; Tartar conquest and influences ;
Russia before Peter the Great.
b. Russia under Peter the Great, 1689-1725:
tasks ; travels ; reforms ; wars ; character.
'■Tvoliinson, 509-515: ''Shepherd, 131-132; and *rcading on one
of the following topics.
75
Topics for reading
(1) Peter the Great's travels, friends, ambitions, activities,
character.
Motley, Peter the Great, first part (7-27 of Maynard,
Merrill edition) ; or Robinson, Readings, II, 302-312.
(2) Reforms of Peter the Great.
Rambaud, Popular History of Russia, II, ch. iii. Schuy-
ler, Peter the Great, I, ch. xxxv (social and financial
changes) , II, ch. xlvi (St. Petersburg), Ivii (political
and religious reforms), or Ixxiii (economic reforms).
Waliszcwski, Peter the Great, 441-461. Wallace, Russia,
ch. XXV, "St. Petersburg and the European influence."
Milyoukov, Russia and its Crisis, 30-48.
§ 16. The Rise of Prussia to 1740. (Lecture)
a. The "Great Elector," 1640-1688.
(1) The Hohenzollern family and their characteristics; the
Great Elector's education and ambitions.
(2) The Great Elector's territories :
Brandenburg, Prussia, and Cleves to 1640; future
importance of their geographical position ; gains at
the Peace of Westphalia ; wars with Poland, Louis
XIV, and Sweden.
(3) The Great Elector's internal policy:
absolutism and centralization ; how he overcame lo-
cal opposition ; encouragement of agriculture and in-
dustry ; reception of the French Huguenots.
b. Frederick I, King in Prussia, 1701.
c. Frederick William I, 1713-1740, — character, policy, army;
the youth of Frederick the Great.
*Robinson, 515-516; *reading on one of the following topics.
Topics for reading
(1) General account of the Rise of Prussia, to 1740.
Longman, Frederick the Great and the Seven Years'
War, 3-26.
(2) Administration and reforms of the Great Elector.
Henderson, Short History of Germany. II, 12-29. Tut-
tle. History of Prussia, I, 226-250. Cambridge Modern
History, V, 639-649.
76
(3) Frederick the Great's father, Frederick William I.
Macaiilay, An Essay on Frederick the Great, first part
(9-27 of Maynard, Merrill edition). Carlyle, Freder-
ick the Great, Bk. IV, chs. iii, iv ; or Bk. V, ch. vii,
"Tobacco Parliament." Henderson, Short History of
Germany, II, ch. iii. It is interesting and valuable to
compare the accounts of Carlyle and Macaulay with
that of Henderson. Lavisse, The Youth of Frederick
the Great, in ch. ii.
§ 17. Prussia under Frederick the Great, 1740-1786. (Lecture)
a. War of the Austrian Succession, 1740-1748:
Austria in 1740; the Pragmatic Sanction and its guaran-
tors ; Frederick's invasion of Silesia ; alliance with the
French; results of the war.
b. The Diplomatic Revolution, 1748-175r):
the system of alliances in the 18th century; Frederick's
dangerous position in 1753; outbreak of war between
France and England in the colonies and on the sea ; alli-
ance between Prussia and England ; alliance between
Austria and France ; importance of the Diplomatic Rev-
olution.
c. The Seven Years' War, 1756-1763:
Frederick's occupation of Saxony; the campaign of 1757;
Frederick's tactics at Rossbach and Lcuthen ; the results
of the war for Germany.
d. Frederick the Great in time of peace :
Frederick at Sans Souci ; Voltaire's visit ; relations with
Catherine II; First Partition of Poland, 1772; Frederick's
acquisition of West Prussia; his reforms; value of gov-
ernment by "enlightened despotism"; Frederick's charac-
ter and death, 1786.
*Robinson, 517-522; *reading on one of the following topics.
Topics for reading
(1) Austrian attempt to reconquer Silesia; battle of Hohen-
friedberg, 1745.
Carlyle, Frederick the Great, Bk. XV, chs. ix, x. Hen-
derson, Short History of Germany, II, 125-146.
(2) Campaign of 1757.
Longman, Frederick the Great, 106-115, 118-135.
77
(3) Battle of Rossbach, 1757.
Carlyle, Frederick the Great, Bk. XVIII, ch. viii.
(4) Frederick the Great in time of peace (character, friends,
administration).
Henderson, Short History of Germany, II, 182-204.
Macaulay, Essay on Frederick the Great, 41-65.
(5) The Reforms of Frederick the Great.
Carlyle, Frederick the Great. Bk. XXI, ch. ii, "Repairing
a ruined Prussia."
(6) The Enlightened Despots of the 18th Century.
Robinson and Beard, The Development of Modern Eu-
rope, I, ch. X.
§ 18. Recitation on *§§ 16-17, with *map-quiz on Europe in
1740 (Shepherd, 130-131), European campaigns and
territorial changes, 1740-1746 (Shepherd, 132, upper
map; 133, lower map), and HohenzoUern lands in
1786 (Shepherd, 134-135)
§ 19. The Expansion of England to the Close of the 18th
Century. (Recitation)
a. Union of England and Scotland, 1707; accession of House
of Hanover; beginning of cabinet government; character
of English wars in 18th century.
h. Struggle for India :
territorial extent of India; political conditions at open-
ing of 17th century; English and French settlements;
policy of Dupleix; Sepoys; the Black Hole of Calcutta;
Clive and the Battle of Plassey, 1757. (For Warren
Hastings see topic (3) below.)
c. Struggle for North America :
motives of the English settlers; rivalry with French;
"Second Hundred Years' War between England and
France" (cf. §11, note 1); English gains at Treaty of
Utrecht, 1713; exclusion of the French from North
America by Peace of Paris, 1763; revolt of the Ameri-
can colonies; their alliance with France; England's loss
of the thirteen colonies; treaty of peace, 1783.
*Robinson, ch. xxxiii; *Shepherd, 128, 136, 137; *reading on
one of the following topics.
78
Topics for reading
(1) The policy of Duplcix and the faihire of the French to
support him.
Perkins, France under Louis XV, I, in ch. ix. English
Historical Review, I, 699-733 (Oct. 1886). Guizot, Con-
cise History of France, 481-488. A full account is to be
found in Malleson, French in India.
(2) Robert Clive.
Macaulay, Essays, Essay on Clive (the middle third of the
Essay, beginning with the Black Hole affair). Wilson,
Lord Clive, ch. vi, "Plassey." Longman, Frederick the
Great and the Seven Years' War, 190-201. Seeley, Ex-
pansion of England, Course II, Lect. iii (especially the
first part), "How we conquered India." Himter, Brief
History of the Indian People, 177-187. Lecky, History
of England in iSth century. III, in ch. xiii, 513-533,
Frazer, British India (Story of Nations), ch. v. Dic-
tionary of National Biography, article on Robert Clive.
(3) Warren Hastings.
Macaulay, Essays, Essay on Hastings (first quarter of the
Essay). G. W. Hastings, A Vindication of Warren
Hastings, ch. viii, "Summary." Frazer, British India
(Story of Nations), ch. vi. Dictionary of National Bi-
ography, article on Warren Hastings. Lyall, Warren
Hastings, ch. ii. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Gen-
erate, VIII, 885-895, 929-932.
(4) Comparison of English Colonial policy with that of Hol-
land, Spain, and France.
Seeley, Expansion of England, Lect. iv, "The Old Co-
lonial System." Egerton, Origin and Grozvth of the
English Colonies, in chs. iii, iv.
(5) General Accounts of Struggle for India.
Robinson and Beard, Development of Modern Europe,
I, 87-100. Robinson, Readings. II, 331-345. Green,
Short History of the English People, ch. x, in sects. 1-2,
especially on Clive and Hastings. Gardiner, Student's
History of England, 758-764, 801-811. Gibbins, His-
tory of Commerce in Europe, Bk. Ill, in chs. i-iii, parts
relating to England.
79
Ch. IV. The French Revolution and Napoleon
§ 20. The Eve of the French Revolution. (Recitation)
a. Three great historic movements since the middle ages.
b. Political and economic confusion in France at the close of
the 18th centurj'.
c. The privileged classes.
d. Condition of the Third Estate.
e. Powers of the King.
/. Influences tending toward revolution :
Parlenient ; philosophers ; economists ; American Revolu-
tion (see topic (6) below) ; discontent with existing evils.
*Robinson, 537-553; *Shepherd, 146-147, 148, 149; a *reading
will be required either on one of the following topics at this exer-
cise, or on one of the topics under § 21 at that exercise.
Topics for reading
(1) The population of France in 1789, its numbers and classes.
Mathews, The French Revolution, 12-16, 42-47.
(2) Comparison of the aristocracy in France and England.
Taine, Ancient Regime, 43-55.
(3) Condition of the French people before 1789.
Riobinson, Readings, II, 373-380. Lowell, Eve of the
French Revolution, in ch. xiii. Dc Tocqueville, The
Old Regime and the Revolution, Bk. II, ch. i, "Why the
feudal Rights were more odious to the People in France
than anywhere else." Lavisse et Rambaud, Hisloire
Generate, VII, 656-667; VIII, 9-11, 17-25. Duruy, His-
tory of Modern Times, 484-502. Da.yot,De la Rcgence
a la Revolution (illustrations).
(4) The Encyclopaedia of Diderot and its influence.
Lowell, Eve of the French Revolution, ch. xvi. Perkins,
France under Louis XV, II, 437-446, 452-456.
(5) The influence of Voltaire.
Morley, Voltaire, in ch. v. Lecky, History of England in
the i8th century, ch. xx (first part). Cambridge Mod-
ern History, VIII, 9-14.
(6) France and the American Revolution.
Guizot, Concise History of France, 540-551. Robinson.
Readings, II, 370-373. Aulard, The French Revolution.
I, 111-125 (translated from Aulard, Histoire Politique
de la Revolution. Frangaise, 19-23). Rosenthal, America
and France, 26-52; see also in ch. iv, and 296-298.
80
§ 21. The Beginning of the French Revolution, 1789-1791.
(Recitation)
a. Reforms proposed by Turgot, Necker, and Calonne : ac-
tions of the Parlcineiif of Paris and results.
b. The Estates General of 1789:
reasons for calling it : difficulties of procedure ; the
cahiers.
c. The National Assembly, 1789-1791:
victory of the third estate ; causes and significance of the
fall of the Bastille, 14th of July. 1789; organization
of national guard and communes ; abolition of feudal
dues; organization of departments; Declaration of the
Rights of Man; the mob at Versailles; reorganization of
the church; the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and its
effects.
*Robinson, 553-573; ^Shepherd. 149, 148 (lower map); reading
on one of the following topics, *required of students who have
not read on one topic under § 20.
Topics for reading
(1) The Cahiers.
Penn. Reprints. IV, no. 5, especially 24-36. Lowell. Eve
of the French Revolution, ch. xxi.
(2) The Meeting of the Estates General.
Stephens, French Revolution, I, 55-67. Aulard, French
Revolution. I, 127-139. Rosenthal, America and France,
166-175. Gonverneur Morris in Hazeii, Contemporary
American Opinion of the French Revolution. 72-82.
Cambridge Modern History, VIII, 145-159. Lavisse et
Rambaud, Histoire Generale, VIII. 52-62. Guizot, Con-
cise History of France, 559-565.
(3) The Fall of the Bastille.
Mathews, French Revolution, 125-137. Stephens. French
Revolution. I, 128-145. Carlyle, French Revolution. Bk.
V, chs. V, vi.
(4) The Declaration of the Rights of Man compared with the
state constitutions in .*\merica.
JelHnek, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of
Citizens, chs. iv-v. Compare the Declaration in Robin-
son, Readings, II, 409-411 (or Anderson, Constitutions
81
and other Select Documents illustrative of the History
of France, ijiig-igoi, 58-60) with the Declaration of
Rights in the constitution of any one of the following
states: Virginia (1776), Pennsylvania (1776), Mary-
land (1776), North Carolina (1776), Vermont (1776,
1786, and 1793), Massachusetts (1780), New Hampshire
(1783). These state constitutions may be found in:
Thorpe, Federal and State Consthtutions; in Poore.
Federal and State Constitutions. The Virginia consti-
tution is also in Preston, Documents Illustrative of
American History; and the constitution of New Hamp-
shire in Colby, Manual of the Constitution of the State
of New Hampshire, 109-116 (ed. 1902).
(5) The mob at Versailles, Oct. 5 and 6, 1789.
Stephens, French Revolution. I, 219-228. Carlyle. French
Revolution. Bk. VII, chs. iv-viii.
§ 22. The Attempt at Constitutional Monarchy, 1791-1792.
(Lecture)
a. Emigration of nobles ; the flight to Varennes and its effects.
b. The Constitution of 1791 ; sources of danger to the con-
stitutional monarchy.
c. The Legislative Assembly, 1791-1792; newspapers and
clubs; legislation against emigrant nobles and non-jur-
ing clergy ; foreign war.
d. Insurrection of August 10, 1792; end of the monarchy.
e. Trial and execution of Louis XVI, 1793.
*Robinson. 574-583. A reading on one of the following topics
will be required under § 23.
Topics for reading
(1) The Constitution of 1791.
Anderson. Documents, especially 58-65. Taine, French
Revolution, I, 188-203. Mathews. French Revolution,
ch. xii.
(2) The Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
Robinson, Readings. II, 423-427, 441-442. Stephens.
French Revolution, I, ch. x.
82
(3) The Flight to Varennes and its effects.
Stephens, French Rcvululion, I, in ch. xv. Aulard, French
Revolution, I, 260-274. Carlyle, French Revolution, I,
Bk. XI, chs. iii-viii. Laniartine, History of the Giron-
dists, I, 61-75, 90-102.
(4) The Insurrection of August 10, 1792.
Stephens, French Revolution. II, ch. iv (first part).
Cambridge Modern. History, VIII, 225-240. Taine,
Frcncli Revolution, II, 171-187. Aulard, French Revo-
lution, II, 46-55, 59-67. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoirc
Generate, VIII, 140-148. Lamartine, History of the Gi-
rondists, IIj 55-77.
(5) Trial and execution of Louis XVI.
Carlyle, French Revolution, II, Bk. IV, chs. vi-viii. Mar-
tin, Popular History of France, I, 359-378.
Optional reading, historical fiction : Dickens, Tale of Two
Cities.
§ 23. Recitation on * § 22, and *reading on one of the topics
under § 22
§ 24. The First French Republic, 1792-1795. (Recitation)
a. The Convention, 1792-1795.
(1) The establishment of the First French Republic, 1792.
(2) Difficulties of the Convention, — royalists in La Ven-
dee, Girondists, foreign war.
(3) The Reign of Terror as a system of government;
Robespierre's measures and downfall.
(4) The Constitution of the Year III (1795) ; dissolution
of the Convention.
b. Tlie beginning of the Directory, 1795.
c. Summary of the progress and results of the French Revo-
lution, 1789-1795.
*Robinson, 582-591. and a *revie\v of §§21-23 with a written
quiz.
Optional reading on one of the following topics.
83
Topics for reading
(1) The Reign of Terror.
Stephens, French Revolution, II, in ch. x. Carlyle, French
Revolution, II, Bk. VII, "Terror the Order of the Day"
(first part). Robinson, Readings, II. 451-460.
(2) Robespierre and his overthrow.
Mathews, French Revolution, ch. xviii. Cambridge Mod-
ern History, VIII, 362-371. Aulard, French Revolution,
III, 192-202.
§ 25. Napoleon Bonaparte to 1801. (Recitation)
a. The rise of Napoleon ; his ambitions.
b. Napoleon's campaign in Italy, 1796-1797.
c. The campaign in Egypt, 1798-1799.
d. The coicp d'etat of 1799; Napoleon as First Consul: the
new constitution.
e. Napoleon's campaign in Italy against the Austrians, 1800.
/. The treaties with Austria and England ; redistribution of
German territory ; extension of French territory and in-
fluence.
*Robinson, ch. xxxvii ; *Shepherd, 151; and *reading on one
of the following topics.
Topics for reading
(1) Napoleon's youth.
Rose, Napoleon I, ch. i. Sloane, Napoleon Bonaparte,
I, chs. iii, V. Fournier, Napoleon the First, ch. i.
(2) The Constitution of the Year III (1795).
Mathews, French Revolution, 277-285. Anderson, Doc-
uments, 212-254 (especially §§44-173). Aulard, French
Revolution, III, 292-304.
(3) Napoleon's campaign in Italy in 1796.
Johnston, Napoleon, ch. iii. Sloane, Napoleon Bona-
parte, I, chs. XXV, xxvi. Jomini, Life of Napoleon
(trans, by Gen. Halleck). I, 81-95. Ropes. The First
Napoleon, 12-28.
84
(4) Thf Egyptian Campaign (purposes, reasons of failure, re-
sults).
Rose, in Cambridge Modern History, VI 11, in ch. xix.
Sloane, Napoleon Bonaparte, II, chs. vi, vii. Lanfrey,
Napoleon the First, ch. x (latter part). Mahan, Influ-
ence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and
Empire, I, 257-278, or ch. x.
(5) The Coup d'etat of 1799.
Fyffe, Modern Europe, I, 189-205. Seeley, Napoleon the
First, 73-88. Sloane, Napoleon Bonaparte, II, chs. x,
xi. Aulard, French Revolution, IV, 142-151.
(6) The character of Napoleon as it appears before 1801.
Robinson, Readings, II, 465-480. Bourrienne, Memoirs,
ch. xxviii.
§ 26. Napoleon and Europe, 1801-1815. (Lecture)
a. Napoleon's reorganization of French institutions, — Concor-
dat, Code, education. Legion of Honor : character and
permanence of his work.
b. War against England, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, 1803-
1807.
c. The Spanish Rising against Napoleon.
d. The Russian Campaign, 1812.
e. The German War of Liberation; battle of Leipzig, 1813.
/. Napoleon's downfall, 1814; conditions of his exile.
*Robinson, ch. xxxviii. A reading on one of the following top-
ics will be required under § 27.
Topics for reading j
(1) Napoleon's settlement of the religious situation.
Anderson, Documents, 296-305. 307-308. Rose, Napoleon
I, I. 249-262.
(2) The Code Napoleon.
Cambridge Modern History, IX, 148-164. Lanfrey. His-
tory of Napoleon, II, in ch. v. Lavisse et Ranibaud.
Histoire Generate, IX, 241-247.
(3) Napoleon's execution of the Due d'Enghien.
Sloane, Napoleon Bonaparte, II, ch. xxvii. Fay, in Amer-
ican Historical Review. Ill, 620-640 (Julv, 1898) ; IV.
21-37 (Oct. 1898).
85
(4) The Battle of Trafalgar.
Mahan, Influence of Sea Poivcr n[>nn the French Revo-
lution and Empire, II, ch. xvi (last part).
(5) The Continental Blockade.
Robinson, Readings, II, 503-508. Rand, Selections Illus-
trating Economic History, ch. v, "The Orders in Coun-
cil."
(6) The Regeneration of Prussia during the Napoleonic Era.
Henderson, Short History of Germany, II, 270-284, 298-
302.
(7) The Battle of Leipzig.
Rose, Napoleon I, II, 324-338. Jomini, Life of Napoleon
(trans, by Gen. Halleck), IV, 193-218. Fyffe, History of
Modern Europe. I, 496-514.
§ 27. Recitation on *§26; *Shepherd, 153, 154-155; and *read-
ing on one topic under § 26
§ 28. Reconstruction of Europe at the Congress of Vienna,
1814-1815. (Lecture)
a. Meeting of the Congress of Vienna ; its tasks and difficul-
ties.
b. Napoleon's return from Elba ; the "Hundred Days" : Wa-
terloo, 18th June, 1815; Napoleon after Waterloo.
c. Territorial and constitutional settlements effected by the
Congress of Vienna ; criticism of the work of the Con-
gress ; the Holy Alliance.
*Robinson, 625-628, and *outline map showing the names and
boundaries of the following after the Congress of Vienna : France,
the German Confederation, Kingdom of Prussia (marking the
gains of Prussia in 1815), Kingdom of Saxony, Kingdom of Ba-
varia, Empire of Austria (including Hungary, Galicia, Lombardy,
and Venetia), Kingdom of Sardinia (including the island). Pa-
pal States, and Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. (Shepherd, 157,
158-159.)
A reading on one of the following topics is required under §29.
86
Topics for reading
(1) Waterloo. (See Shepherd, 156.)
Johnston, Napoleon, ch. xvii. Rose, Napoleon I, II, ch.
xl. Ropes, The First Napoleon. Lect. vii. Fournier,
Napoleon the First, ch. xx. Sloane, Napoleon Bona-
parte, IV, chs. xxii-xxiii. Fyffe, History of Modern
Enrope, II, 31-4(J, 47-58. Article "Waterloo" in Encyclo-
pccdia Britannica. Jomini, Life of Napoleon (trans, by
Gen. Halleck), IV, 359-385. Cambridge Modern His-
tory, IX, 624-642. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Gen-
erate, IX, 923-927.
(2) Napoleon at St. Helena.
Rosebery, Napoleon : The Last Phase, chs. xiv, xv.
Bourrienne, Memoirs, IV, ch. xiii.
(3) Napoleon's place in History.
Seeley, Napoleon the First, 237-253. Dickinson, Revolu-
tion and Reaction in Modern France, 29-36, 46-60.
Taine, Modern Regime, I, in ch. i.
Optional reading, historical novel : Victor Hugo. Les Miscrables,
Pt. ii, Bk. I, "Waterloo."
§ 29. Recitation on *§28; *reading on one of the topics un-
der §28; and *map-quiz on the reconstruction of Eu-
rope at the Congress of Vienna (*Shepherd, 157, 158-
159)
§ 30. Written Hour Examination on * §§ 15-29 (including
lectures, recitations, text-book, map-work, reading,
and notes)
Ch. V. Progress of Europe Since 1815
§ 31. Europe after the Congress of Vienna. (Recitation)
a. France under the Bourbons. 1814-1830:
Louis XVIII, — character and aims; Charter of 1814; po-
litical parties ; Charles X, 1824-1830, — his views and un-
popular measures.
h. Revolutions of 1830.
(1) In France:
downfall of Charles X ; accession of Louis Philippe ;
revision of the Charter.
(2) In the Netherlands:
dissatisfaction with the settlement of 1815; revolu-
tion of 1830; establishment of the Kingdom of Bel-
gium.
c. The German Confederation after 1815:
effects of the Napoleonic period in Germany ; the Confed-
eration of 1815, — its constitution and weaknesses; liberal
agitation and its results.
d. Spain, Italy, and Portugal after 1815 :
effects of the Napoleonic period in Spain and Italy ; char-
acter of the restorations in each ; Spanish American colo-
nies; revolutions of 1820; Mettcrnich's influence; the
Monroe Doctrine, 1823 ; changes in Portugal.
*Robinson and Beard, The Development of Modern Europe, II,
ch. xvii ; *Shepherd, 158-159, 214-215.
§ 32. The Industrial Revolution in England and France.
(Recitation)
a. Importance of the history of mechanical inventions.
b. The Industrial Revolution as typified by the revolution in
the cotton and woolen industry :
earlier methods of carding, spinning, and weaving; the
new inventions, — fly-shuttle (1738), spinning jenny,
"mule," power loom ; improvements in printing and
bleaching cloth; the cotton gin (1792) ; how one invention
necessitates and stimulates others: need of strong textile
machinery driven by steam.
c. Development of steam machinery ; Watt's steam engine,
1769; changes in the iron and coal industries; steamboats
and railways.
d. Social and political results of the Industrial Revolution :
change from the "domestic system" to the "factory sys-
tem"; general, social, and political results of the introduc-
tion of machinery.
e. The introduction of the Industrial Revolution into France,
1815-1848; its social and political effects.
*Robinson and Beard, II, ch. xviii. Optional reading on the
following topic.
Topic for rcadiuf]
Sir Humphrey Davy's safety lamp and the mining of coal.
Rand, Selections lUnstraliiuj Ecoiioiiiic History, 51-54.
§ 33. The Revolution of 1848 in France. (Recitation)
a. Reign of Louis Philippe from the Revolution of 1830 to the
Revolution of 1848:
his character ; political parties and their aims ; Guizot's
character and methods; downfall of Louis Philippe, 24th
February, 1848.
• h. Second French Republic, 1848-1852.
(1) Provisional government, Feb. -Dec. 1848; "national
workshops," — their failure and suppression.
(2) Constitutional government under President Louis Na-
poleon; the constitution; career and ideas of Louis
Napoleon.
^i. Second French Empire, 1852-1870:
Louis Napoleon's methods of winning popularity; couf>
d'etat of 1851, and plebiscite; coup d'etat of 1852 and
establishment of the Second Empire under Napoleon III ;
government and prosperity of France, 1852-1870.
*Robinson and Beard, II, ch. xix. Optional reading on one of
the following topics.
Topics for rcadiufi
(1) Napoleon Ill's policy in Mexico.
flazen, Europe since 1815, 206-214; 277-280. Fyffe. His-
tory of Modern Europe, III, 395-400.
(2) Napoleon Ill's government of France.
Seignobos, Political History of Europe since /<S'//, 173-176.
§ 34. The Revolutions of 1848 outside of France. (Recitation)
a. Changes in Switzerland in 1815 and 1848.
b. The revolutions throughout Italy in 1848.
c. The revolutions in the .Austrian dominions:
the mixture of races under Austrian dominion ; the aspi-
rations of each ; revolutions in Vienna, Hungary, Bohe-
mia, and in Lombardy and Vcnetia in 1848; results of
each ; accession of Francis Joseph, 1848.
89
d. The unsuccessful attempt to reorganize Germany :
meeting of the Frankfort National Assembly, May, 1848;
its difficulties ; King of Prussia's refusal of an imperial
crown ; reasons for disappearance of the National Assem-
bly in 1849.
e. The Revolution of 1848 in Prussia; the (present) Prus-
sian Constitution of 1850.
*Robinson and Beard, II, ch. xx ; *Shepherd, 161, 168.
§ 35. The Unification of Italy. (Recitation)
a. Italy after the revolutions of 1848:
results of the resolutions of 1848 in Italy ; divergent
plans for unification ; Mazzini and Young Italy.
b. Growth of the Kingdom of Sardinia under Victor Em-
manuel and Cavour. to 1861 :
their reforms and development of the Kingdom ; Cavour's
foreign policy; results of alliance with Napoleon III;
services of Garibaldi ; founding of the Kingdom of Italy,
1861.
c. The Kingdom of Italy since 1861 :
attitude of the Pope and of Austria; how Italy won Vene-
tia (1866), and Rome( 1870) ; position of the Pope in
Italy; the Italian Constitution; the Triple Alliance;
Italy's foreign and colonial policy and its results ; recent
difficulties in Italy.
*Robinson and Beard, II, 78-79, 84-86 in review, and ch. xxi ;
*Shepherd, 161 (lower map), 166-167. Optional reading on Gar-
ibaldi.
Topic for rending
Garibaldi and the March of the Thousand Red Shirts.
Martinengo-Cesaresco, The Liberation of Italy, ch. xiv.
Robinson, Readings. II, 575-576.
§ 36. The Formation of the German Empire and the Found-
ing of Austria-Hungary. (Recitation)
a. Political and economic difficulties of Germany after 1815;
the Customs-Union.
90
b. The work of William I and Bismarck in the unification of
Germany.
(1) William Fs policy.
(2) Bismarck's character: his general plan; Schleswig-Hol-
stein afifair.
(3 The war of 1866; Prussia's annexations; the North
German Federation.
(4) The Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871 :
Napoleon IIFs foreign policy; the Hohenzollcrn can-
didacy for the Spanish throne; how the war spirit
was developed ; progress of the war ; terms of the
treaty ; proclamation of William I as German Em-
peror, 1871.
c. The establishment of the Austro-Hungarian dual mon-
archy, 1867 ; its government ; mixture of peoples ; con-
stitution of Austria; reforms in Austria; constitution of
Hungary ; attitude of Hungary toward Austria ; Austrian
occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1878.
*Robinson and Beard, H, ch. xxii ; *Shepherd, 161 (upper
map), 168 (compare with Robinson and Beard, 124), 166-167.
Optional reading on the following topic.
Topic for reading
How Bismarck edited the Ems telegram to ensure war
between Prussia and France.
Compare Robinson, Readings, II, 588-590, with Anderson,
Co)istiiittiflns and Documents, 593-4. Bismarck's own ac-
count is in Bismarck, The Man and tlic Statesman. II,
ch. xxii, "The Ems Telegram."
S 37. The German Empire since 1871. (Recitation)
a. Constitution of the Empire ;
Bundcsrath ; Reichstag; Chancellor; powers and legisla-
tion of the imperial govcrmnent.
b. Bismarck's conflict with the Roman Catholic Church,
1871-1878:
origin of the Kulturkampf ; anti-clerical laws passed by
the Reichstag for the Empire, and by the Prussian leg-
islature for the Kingdom of Prussia ; reasons for Bis-
marck's relaxation of his repressive measures in 1878.
91
c. Bismarck's conflict with the Social Democrats:
beginnings of Socialism in Germany, — Marx and Las-
salle; the Social Democratic Party; Bismarck's repressive
legislation ; Bismarck's attitude toward "state socialism"
after 1878; his three measures.
d. Germany under William II. since 1888:
his attitude toward Bismarck and the Social Democrats ;
colonial and naval expansion; growth of the Social Dem-
ocratic Party; tendencies toward responsibility of minis-
ters.
*Robinson and Beard, II, ch. xxiii; *Shepherd, 161 (upper
map), 166-167, 179-182.
§ 38. France under the Third Republic since 1870.
(Recitation)
a. The establishment of the Third Republic, 1870-1875:
downfall of Napoleon III and proclamation of a repub-
lic; siege of Paris; leadership of Thiers; treaty with
Germany; the revolt of the Paris commune, 1871, and its
suppression; the monarchists and the republicans; pecu-
liar form of the constitution in France; its provisions.
b. The French Republic since 1875 :
evidences of the growing strength of the republicans;
resignation of MacMahon ; progressive measures ; decline
of the monarchists; the Dreyfus affair; causes for the
separation of church and state, and steps in its accom-
plishment; contrast between French parties and those in
England and America; the expansion of France in Africa
and Asia.
*Robinson and Beard, II, ch. xxiv, with *review of genealog-
ical table page 9; *Shepherd, 166-167, 179-182.
§ 39. The Expansion of the British Empire in the 19th
Century. (Recitation)
a. In India ;
important cities and political divisions in India (*Shep-
herd, 137) ; British territory at the opening of the 19th
century; overthrow of the Mahratta Confederacy, 1816-
92
1818; expansion in the south, east, north, and west;
"peaceful assimilation" ; Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 ; changes
in the government of India; British dominion in India
today, — its territory and government.
b. In Canada :
relations between Canada and England at the time of the
American Revolution, and during the war of 1812; rebel-
lion of 1837; establishment of self-government, 1840-1850;
the Dominion of Canada, 1867 ; new provinces ; industrial
progress ; growth of "colonial nationalism."
c. In Australasia:
extent and natural resources of Australia, (*Shepherd.
172); early explorations of the Dutch and English; ori-
gin and development of New South Wales ; settlement of
the five other colonics ; federation ; government of the
Commonwealth of Australia, 1901 ; New Zealand ; social
experiments in Australasia.
d. In Africa.
(1) Conflict between British and Dutch:
situation in Cape Colony after the Congress of Vi-
enna in 1815; the Boer "Trek" of 1836; British treat-
ment of the Dutch colonies, to 1884; results of the
discovery of gold, 1885 ; Jameson Raid, 1895 ; Boer
War, 1899; annexation of the Transvaal and Orange
Free State, and grant of constitutional government ;
Union of South Africa, 1910.
(2) Other British possessions in Africa. [For Egypt see
below. §44, c]
c. Imperial Federation, — tendencies toward its development,
proposals, difficulties, loyalty of the colonists.
*Robinson and Beard, II, ch. xxvii ; and *Shepherd, 137, 170-171,
172, 174.
§ 40. The Russian Empire in the 19th Century. (Lecture)
a. Russia after the death of Peter the Great, 1725; Cather-
erine II, — her wars, reforms, character.
b. Liberalism and reaction under Alexander I, 1801-1825:
extent of the Russian Empire after the Congress of Vi-
enna ; its character ; effects of the Napoleonic period ;
character of Alexander I ; his change in policy ; the De-
cembrists.
93
c. Reign of Nicholas I, 1825-1855:
character and aims of Nicholas I ; the Polish Revolution
of 1830; absolutism under Nicholas I.
d. The Crimean War, 1854-1856, — causes, events, results.
e. Russia since the Crimean War :
reforms of Alexander II, 1855-1881; their results; the
Nihilists ; the Industrial Revolution in Russia.
*Robinson and Beard, II, 261-283.
§41. Recitation on §40; *Robinson and Beard, II, 283-302,
"The Struggle for Liberty in Russia under Nicholas
II," 1894—; and *Shepherd, 164, 166-167
§ 42. Turkey and the Eastern Question. (Recitation)
a. The rise and decline of Turkey in Europe to 1854 :
the incursions of the Ottoman Turks, to 1683 ; decline of
Turkish power; how Russia acquired influence in Turkey
and how she used it; change in Servia's position, 1817;
Greek war for independence.
b. The Crimean War, 1854-1856:
causes for Russian interference; Turkey's allies; scene
of operations and characteristics of the war; terms of the
treaty.
c. Revolts in the Balkan peninsula (see *Shcpherd, 2) :
conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina ; the Bulgarian
atrocities ; results of Russian interference ; terms of set-
tlement at the Treaty of Berlin, 1878; later history of
Bulgaria ; extent of territory of Turkey in Europe ; char-
acter of its population and of its government.
d. The Balkan states since their independence :
Greece ( 1830 — ) ; Servia, Roumania. and Montenegro
(1878—); Bulgaria (1908-).
*Robinson and Beard, ch. xxix ; *Shcpherd, 164, 166-167 ; *outline
map showing the principal states of Europe at the present time
(including the states which have won their independence from
Turkey).
94
§ 43. The Expansion of Europe in Asia. (Recitation)
a. Growth of European international trade in the 19th cen-
tury :
England's trade compared with that of other countries ;
development of steam navigation, interoceanic canals,
railways, and postal and telegraphic communications ; na-
ture of modern imperialism ; work and importance of
Roman Catholic and Protestant foreign missions.
b. European trade and interests in China, to 1860:
early attempts of Europeans to establish trade relations in
the Far East ; their difficulties ; extent of China ; impor-
tance of the opium trade; opening of Chinese Treaty
Ports in 1842 and 1860; the Manchu dynasty; the Taiping
rebellion.
c. How Japan became a World Power.
(1) Japan before 18C>7.
(2) Changes in Japan 1867-1890; the Mikado; feudalism;
industrial progress and its results ; constitutional
government.
(3) Japan as a World Power; struggle with China for the
control of Korea; Japanese-Chinese war, 1894-5; ac-
tion of the European powers after the war.
d. Chinese concessions to Russians, Germans, and English,
1895-19(K).
*Robinson and Beard. II, 318-346; ^Shepherd, 170-171.
v^ 44. The Expansion of Europe in Asia and Africa.
(Recitation)
a. The adoption of European ideas in China :
the promotion of railways in China; the reform move-
ment, to 19(X); reactionary influences; the Boxer Rebel-
lion, 19(X); progress in China since 1900.
b. The struggle between Japan and Russia over Manchuria :
Russia's continued occupation of Manchuria ; the Russo-
Japanese war, 1904-5, — its causes, leading events, and re-
sults; the "open door" policy in China.
95
c. The occupation of Africa by the European Powers:
geography of the "dark continent" ; slave trade ; early
Dutch and French settlements; the situation in 1815; ex-
plorations of Baker, Livingstone, and Stanley; partition
of Africa; Congo Free State; Morocco; Egypt; the pres-
ent African possessions (or spheres of influence) of
England, France, Germany, Portugal, and Spain ; decline
of Spain as a colonial power.
d. The movement toward universal peace:
causes and effects of great armies and navies; the Hague
Peace Conferences, 1899. 1907.
*Robinson and Beard, TI, 346-372; *Shepherd, 170-171, 174-175.
§ 45. Some of the Great Problems of Today. (Recitation)
a. Governmental problems :
suffrage ; written constitutions ; responsible ministries ;
initiative and referendum; rights of the individual; ex-
tent of the duty of government in settling problems of
capital and labor, and in relieving poverty.
b. Social problems :
extent of poverty ; remedial measures attempted or pro-
posed ; municipal enterprises ; trade unions ; cooperation :
Utopian socialism ; Marxian socialism ; the Fabians ; ob-
jections to socialism.
c. Progress and effects of natural science in the 19th cen-
tury :
progress in geology and its effect on thought ; development
of the idea of evolution; discoveries in chemistry, physics,
and biology, and their importance for daily life.
*Robinson and Beard, II, ch. xxxi.
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